74310-84-2

Koningic acid (KA; 74310-84-2) is a potent and selective inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).1? Inhibition is irreversible and proceeds via nucleophilic attack of an active site cysteine on the epoxide moiety2, Ki = 1.1 μM for rabbit muscle GAPDH3. KA can selectively kill high-glycolytic cancer cells via glucose dependent ATP depletion.4 Has been used in a predictive model for selective targeting of the Warburg effect, the most prominent hallmark of cancer cell metabolism.5

Heptelidic acid is an inhibitor of GAPDH and certain DNA polymerases.

1) Endo et al. (1985), Specific inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by koningic acid (heptelidic acid); J. Antibiot., 38 920 2) Sakai et al. (1991), Identification of koningic acid (heptelidic acid)-modified site in rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1077 192 3) Sakai et al. (1988), Inactivation of rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by koningic acid; Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 952 297 4) Kumagai et al. (2008), Glucose-dependent active ATP depletion by koningic acid kills high-glycolytic cells; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 365 362 5) Liberti et al. (2017), A Predictive Model for Selective Targeting of the Warburg Effect through GAPDH Inhibition with a Natural Product; Cell Metab., 26 648