Description
Sophoridine is a quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from traditional Chinese herbs, which exists in the stems and leafs of Leguminous plant Sophora alopecuroides L., Euchresta japonica Benth., and the roots of Sophora alopecuroides Ait. Sophoridine-induced synchronous oscillations in the hippocampus could elicit the generation and development of seizure. Accumulating evidence demonstrates remarkable pharmacological effects of Sophoridine, including anti-inflammatory, anti-virus and anti-cancer effects.
Uses
(-)Sophoridine is an anticancer agent, with a promising anti-rumor effect and lower toxicity. Anti-inflammatory.
Definition
Sophoridine is a quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from leafs of Leguminous plant Sophora alopecuroides.L. Sophoridine induces apoptosis. Sophoridine has the potential to be a novel, potent and selective antitumor drug candidate for pancreatic cancer with well-tolerated toxicity.
General Description
Sophoridine, a natural anticancer drug, has been used in China for decades. A series of novel N-substituted Sophoridinic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity with 1 as the lead. The structure-activity relationship indicated that introduction of an aliphatic acyl on the nitrogen atom might significantly enhance the anticancer activity. Among the compounds, 6b bearing bromoacetyl side-chain afforded a potential effect against four human tumor cell lines (liver, colon, breast, and lung). The mechanism of action of 6b is to inhibit the activity of DNA topoisomerase I, followed by the S-phase arrest and then cause apoptotic cell death, similar to that of its parent 1.
Biological Activity
Sophoridine is promising to be a novel, potent and selective antitumor drug candidate for pancreatic cancer. It was shown that sophoridine is able to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and vivo. Sophoridine dose- and time-dependently blocks the RANKL-induced osteoclasts formation and the activation of ERK and c-Fos as well as the induction and nucleus translocation of NFATc1.
Mechanism of action
Sophoridine is an active quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from leaves of Leguminous plant Sophora alopecuroides. L. Accumulating evidence demonstrated that Sophoridine displays remarkable pharmacological effects in inflammatory diseases , infectious diseases and cancers . In particular, Sophoridine and its derivatives have drawn more and more attention owing to their potent anti-tumor effects in different tumor cell lines and animal models. The underlying anti-tumor mechanisms of Sophoridine including increase of intracellular ROS levels, activation of the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, induction of S phase arrest in pancreatic cancer cells; inhibition of growth and invasion in human colorectal cancer cells via directly binding to MAPKAPK2 and inactivates its phosphorylation; inhibition of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in human glioma cells.
in vitro
Sophoridine (0-500 μM; 48 hours) exhibits remarkable inhibition effects to the growth of human pancreatic, gastric, liver, colon, gallbladder, and prostate carcinoma cells with IC50 values of about 20 μM to 200 μM.Sophoridine (0-20 μM; 48 hours) increases S phase cell population from 26.23% (control) to 38.67% in Miapaca-2 cells and from 29.56% (control) to 39.16% in PANC-1 cells, about a 1.5-fold and a 1.3-fold increase, respectively.Sophoridine (0-20 μM; 48 hours) significantly increases bad and bax levels, and decreases bcl-2 and bcl-xl levels in contrast, with a significant increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.
Source
Sophoridine is a bioactive alkaloid found in many Chinese herbs, such as Sophora alopecuroides l, Euchresta japonica Benth and Sophora moocrorftinan. Sophoridine hydrochloride injection has been approved as an anticancer drug in China.
