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N-hydroxysuccinimide is a synthetic ingredient used in cosmetics as an ester to soften and condition skin. It's also a reagent, a substance used to trigger a reaction that leads to a new substance, such as peptides and polymers.
N-Hydroxysuccinimide is used in cosmetics and beauty products as an ester often seen in eye creams. N-hydroxysuccinimide activates the elimination of blood originated pigments responsible for dark color and inflammation that causes under eye circles. "Infra-orbital shadows are due to the accumulation of hemoglobin and its coloured degradation products - biliverdin, bilirubin and iron - in the dermis and epidermis ... N-hydroxysuccinimide renders the iron soluble for natural elimination" (source).

White to pale yellow

N-Hydroxysuccinimide has been used in the synthesis of intermediates such as:
N-succinimidyl 3-(di-tert-butylfluorosilyl)benzoate
4-[2,2-bis[(p-tolylsulfonyl)-methyl] acetyl]benzoic acid-NHS ester
N-succinimidyl 3-iodobenzoate
It has also been used in a protocol for the surface modification of microchannels of a microfluidic-integrated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) platform for the detection and quantification of bacterial pathogens.
Additive used in the carbodiimide method for improved amidations and peptide couplings.
N-Hydroxysuccinimide can be used in the synthesis of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester via dehydration reaction in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in carboxylic acid.

The preparation of N-Hydroxysuccinimide is as follows:Adding 16.12g of chitosan and 57g of N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidobenzoate to the reactor, adding 70g of PBS buffer and 300mL of dichloromethane solvent, stirring and mixing evenly Then, put it into the microwave reactor, put the temperature sensor into the reaction liquid, then turn on the magnetic stirring, adjust the stirring speed to make the stirrer rotate stably in the solution, then close the door of the microwave reactor, and set the reaction temperature to 50 ° C, and set the reaction time is 5 hours, the reaction is carried out under microwave heating assisted conditions, the reaction time is reached after the mega-reaction time reaches the set time, the sample is confirmed to be complete, and then slowly cooled to room temperature, stirred for 30 min, suction filtration A dichloromethane solution containing N-hydroxysuccinimide was obtained, wherein 22.60 g of N-hydroxysuccinimide was obtained in a yield of 98.2%, and the purity was 99.6%.

N-Hydroxysuccinimide can be synthesized by heating succinic anhydride with hydroxylamine or hydroxylamine hydrochloride.

Recrystallise the imide from EtOH/ethyl acetate [Manesis & Goodmen J Org Chem 52 5331 1987]. [Beilstein 21/9 V 498.]