49671-76-3

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a tissue-specific and inducible transcriptional coactivator for several nuclear receptors and plays a key role in energy metabolism, hepatic gluconeogenesis, and cholesterol homoeostasis. ZLN005 is a small molecule that stimulates the expression of PGC-1α and downstream genes in skeletal muscle cells, improving glucose utilization and fatty acid oxidation at a concentration of 20 μM. Chronic administration of 15 mg/kg/day ZLN005 to diabetic db/db mice increased PGC-1α and downstream gene transcription in skeletal muscle, increasing fat oxidation and improving glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance, and insulin sensitivity.

ZLN005 increaces PGC-1α and downstream gene transcription in skeletal muscles and increases fat oxidation and improved the glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance, and insulin sensitivity of diabetic db/db mice.

The reaction was carried out in a magnetically stirred round-bottomed flask equipped with a condenser and placed in a temperature-controlled oil bath. O-phenylenediamine (2 mmol) was added to 4-tert-butylbenzyl alcohol (3 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 135 °C in an open (air) atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by TLC and after complete disappearance of the o-phenylenediamine or after the reaction had reached a predetermined time, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (100-200 mesh) to afford 2-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole. All products were structurally confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) data.

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