463-58-1

colourless gas with an unpleasant smell; cylinder

ChEBI: A one-carbon compound in which the carbon atom is attached to an oxygen and a sulfur atom via double bonds.

Grain fumigant.

CARBONYL SULFIDE is a colorless, poisonous, flammable gas with a distinct sulfide odor. The gas is toxic and narcotic in low concentrations and presents a moderate fire hazard. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the container may rupture violently or rocket. CARBONYL SULFIDE is used in the synthesis of organic thio compounds.

Highly flammable.

CARBONYL SULFIDE is expected to react with vigor with strong oxidants.

TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

Flammable; may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Some of these materials may react violently with water. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

Narcotic in high concentrations. Flammable, explosive limits in air 12–28.5%. Central nervous system impairment.

Carbon oxysulfide is an excellent source of usable atomic sulfur, therefore, it can be used in various chemical syntheses, such as the production of episulfides, alkenylthiols, and vinylicthiols. It is also used to make viscose rayon. It is probable that the largest source of carbon oxysulfide is as a by-product from various organic syntheses and petrochemical processes. Carbon oxysulfide is always formed when carbon, oxygen, and sulfur, or their compounds, such as carbon monoxide; carbon disulfide, and sulfur dioxide, are brought together at high temperatures. Hence, carbon, oxysulfide is formed as an impurity in various types of manufactured gases and as a by-product in the manufacture of carbon disulfide. Carbon oxysulfide is also often present in refinery gases.

Gas: Move victim to fresh air. Call emergency medical care. Apply artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; induce artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a oneway valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Keep victim warm and quiet. Keep victim under observation for 24 to 48 hours. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Refrigerated liquid: Move victims to fresh air. Call emergency medical care. Apply artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Keep victim warm and quiet. Keep victim under observation. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves

UN2204 Carbonyl sulfide, Hazard Class: 2.3; Labels: 2.3-Poisonous gas, 2.1-Flammable gas, Inhalation Hazard Zone C. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express written permission of the owner. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express written permission of the owner.

Carbon oxysulfide can form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with strong bases. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.

Carbonyl oxysulfide is a colorless gas or coldliquid. Molecular weight=60.07. Boiling point=250℃.Flammable limits: LEL=12%; UEL=29%. HazardIdentification (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System):Health 3, Flammability 4, Reactivity 1.

Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier. Dissolve in a combustible solvent, such as alcohol, benzene, etc. Burn in a furnace with afterburner and scrubber to remove SO2 .

Purify the gas by scrubbing it through three consecutive fritted washing flasks containing conc NaOH at 0o (to remove HCN), and then through conc H2SO4 (to remove CS2) followed by a mixture of NaN3 and NaOH solution; or passed through traps containing saturated aqueous lead acetate, then through a column of anhydrous CaSO4. Then it is freeze-pumped repeatedly and distilled through a trap packed with glass wool and cooled to -130o (using an n-pentane slurry). It liquefies at 0o/12.5mm. Use stainless steel containers. The gas is stored over conc H2SO4. [Glemser in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 654 1963.] TOXIC

Toxicity from exposure to COS is likely the result of its decomposition to CO2 and H2S. H2S inhibits respiration at the cellular level, causing methemoglobinemia, which inhibits the cytochrome oxidase system, causing cytotoxic anoxia. In one study, rats treated with acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, showed lower blood levels of H2S following exposure to COS and exhibited decreased toxicity. H2S is believed to be primarily responsible for many of the reported adverse effects associated with exposure to COS.
COS reacts readily with ammonia and primary amines to form ammonium thiocarbamate and amine salts of monothiocarbamic acid, respectively. Reaction with two primary amines may result in the formation of H2S and linking of the two amines via a carbonyl group reaction, suggesting considerable potential for protein cross-linking by COS in vivo, and this has been proposed as a mechanism to explain occupational neuropathy observed with CS2, and predicted for COS.

Color Code—Red Stripe: Flammability Hazard:Store separately from all other flammable materials. Priorto working with carbon oxysulfide you should be trained onits proper handling and storage. Before entering confinedspace where this chemical may be present, check to makesure that an explosive concentration does not exist. Carbonoxysulfide must be stored to avoid contact with bases andstrong oxidizers since violent reactions occur. Keep containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat,flame, and sunlight. Metal containers involving the transferof=gallons or more of liquid carbon oxysulfide should begrounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with selfclosing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters.Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially whenopening and closing containers of COS. Sources of ignition,such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where carbon oxysulfide is used, handled, or stored. Procedures forthe handling, use and storage of cylinders should be in compliance with OSHA 1910.101 and 1910.169, as with therecommendations of the Compressed Gas Association.

Most of the releases of COS to the environment are to air, where it is believed to have a long residence time. Its half-life in the atmosphere is estimated to be approximately 2 years. It may be degraded in the atmosphere via a reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals or oxygen, direct photolysis, and other unknown processes related to the sulfur cycle. Sulfur dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is ultimately produced from these reactions. COS is relatively unreactive in the troposphere, but direct photolysis may occur in the stratosphere. Also, plants and soil microorganisms have been reported to remove COS directly from the atmosphere. Plants are not expected to store COS.
COS is extremely mobile in soils. If released to soil, it will volatilize quickly to the atmosphere (Koc= 88). It has a high solubility in water and will not readily adsorb to soil particles, sediment, or suspended organic matter. Therefore, COS is expected to volatilize rapidly from soil and water or, depending on volume, concentration, and site-specific characteristics (e.g., soil type, depth to groundwater, temperature, and humidity), maybe able to move rapidly through the ground and impact groundwater. COS may be hydrolyzed in water to form H2S and CO2.
COS is also actively taken up by some plants and converted to CS2; that is, the atmospheric pathways are reversed, and soils may act as both a net source and a net sink for COS depending on the concentration of COS and the characteristics of the soil. COS is therefore accurately described as a naturally occurring and widely distributed chemical found or produced in the air, soils, live and decomposing vegetation, and food.