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a) Synthesis of 2,4-dichloro-6-fluoroquinoline: 4-fluoroaniline (8.5 g, 76.5 mmol) was mixed with malonic acid (8.0 g, 76.9 mmol), trichlorophosphorus (160 g, 1.04 mol) was added, slowly heated to 100 °C and the reaction was maintained at this temperature for 18 hours. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into ice water (1.0 L). The brown slurry obtained was filtered and purified by fast column chromatography (silica gel 350 g, 6 x 24 cm column, dichloromethane elution) to obtain 3.37 g of 2,4-dichloro-6-fluoroquinoline as an off-white solid in 20% yield.

[1] Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2014, vol. 40, # 5, p. 1851 - 1866
[2] Medicinal Chemistry, 2015, vol. 11, # 8, p. 789 - 797
[3] Patent: WO2005/66132, 2005, A1. Location in patent: Page/Page column 39