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Tubulysin C is a highly cytotoxic anti-microtubule toxin (anti-microtubule toxins) that is synthesized as an ADC cytotoxin (ADC Cytotoxin). Tubulysin C can be isolated from the myxobacteria Archangium geophyra and Angiococcus disciformis. Tubulysin C displays extremely potent cytotoxic activity in mammalian cells, including multidrug-resistant cell lines, with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. Tubulysin C inhibits microtubule/Tubulin polymerization and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis[1][2].

[1] Kubicek K, et al. The tubulin-bound structure of the antimitotic drug tubulysin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2010 Jun 28;49(28):4809-12. DOI:10.1002/anie.200906828
[2] Vlahov IR, et al. Acid mediated formation of an N-acyliminium ion from tubulysins: a new methodology for the synthesis of natural tubulysins and their analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 Nov 15;21(22):6778-81. DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.041