Chemical Properties
Yellow, crystalline powder.
Uses
Tetracycline antibacterial.
Definition
ChEBI: The monohydrate form of doxycycline. A semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, it is used to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and treat non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, exacerbations of bronchitis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
isease (COPD), and adult periodontitis.
Brand name
Doxychel (Rachelle); Monodox (Oclassen); Oracea (CollaGenex); Vibramycin (Pfizer).
Description
Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic synthetically derived from oxytetracycline. It is a semi-synthetic tetracycline. Doxycycline penetrates the bacterial cell and interferes with the protein biosynthesis, stopping the process. Other microorganisms are also sensitive to the antibiotic activity of Doxycycline, such as Mycoplasma, Chlamydia and Ricketsiae. Resistance to antibiotics of the tetracycline family is primarily due to inhibition of transport of the drug into the cell or by increasing antibiotic efflux. The biological mechanism is mainly through plasmid mediation but it may also occur by chromossomal alteration.?
Application
In yeast cells, doxycycline has been used in doxycycline-inducible system for overexpression of methyltransferase Hmt1 (hnRNP methyltransferase 1).
It has been used in the doxycycline-inducible IFITM (interferon-induced transmembrane) cell lines.
It has also been used as an antimicrobial agent.
Indications
Doxycycline monohydrate (Vibramycin Monohydrate, Monodox, Mondoxyne NL) is a moderately priced drug used to treat many kinds of infections, like dental, skin, respiratory, and urinary tract infections. It also treats acne, Lyme disease, malaria, and certain sexually transmitted infections. This drug is more popular than comparable drugs. It is available in multiple brand and generic versions. Generic doxycycline monohydrate is covered by most Medicare and insurance plans, but some pharmacy coupons or cash prices may be lower. The lowest GoodRx price for the most common version of doxycycline monohydrate is around $6.02, 80% off the average retail price of $30.66. Compare tetracycline antibiotics.
General Description
Doxycycline was synthesized by Pfizer starting with either tetracycline or oxytetracycline in 1958. It shows about fourfold higher antibacterial activity than tetracycline against a variety of pathogens. Doxycycline shows higher oral absorption than tetracycline, and its concentration in tissue is higher and maintained longer. Hyclate is a preparation of doxycycline containing one mole of hydrochloric acid and one-half mole each of ethanol and water per mole of doxycycline.
Biological Activity
Doxycycline is a semisynthetic tetracycline that is active against bacteria, mycoplasma and protozoan parasites. It inhibits the bacterial protein synthesis by inhibiting the interaction of aminoacyl-tRNA and the bacterial ribosome.
Synthesis
(1) 100g of hydrogenated salts (α-6-deoxy hygromycin 5-sulfosalicylate crude) was added to 200mL, 15℃, 70% (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution, stirred for 10min, started to add ammonia dropwise, when the pH value reaches 5.8, stop dropping ammonia, at this ti
