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• Description

  Deflazacort (trade name Emflaza among others) is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. It belongs to a group of medicines called corticosteroids. It is sometimes referred to simply as an oral steroid.
  Deflazacort is an inactive prodrug which is metabolized rapidly to the active drug 21-desacetyldeflazacort.It is used to treat a wide variety of conditions. Some examples include autoimmune diseases (for example, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoimmune hepatitis, sarcoidosis), joint and muscle diseases (for example, rheumatoid arthritis), and allergies and asthma.
  Cardiff can be specially designed for the third generation of corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, and it increased gluconeogenesis and so on. It acts as prednisolone 10~20 times of the dragon, 40 times as hydrocortisone. This product has no mutagenic effect. This product, labeled with C14 study, shows that the product of the gastrointestinal tract rapidly absorbed, reaching the peak blood concentration after 1~2h, forming the active substance by hydrolysis, and the latter further metabolic processes is similar with other corticosteroids, as well as the active metabolite T1/2 is 2 h and the rats are mainly distributed in the kidney and hematopoietic system and other organizations.
  
  Figure 1 is a deflazacort formula.;

• Chemical Properties

  Acetone-hexane, m.p. 255-256.5 ℃. [Α] D + 62.3 ° (C = 0.5, chloroform). UV absorption maximum (methanol): 241~242nm (E1cm1% 352.5). Acute toxicity LD50 in mice (mg/kg): 5200 oral; 1610 subcutaneous injection. Rats Acute toxicity LD50 (mg/kg): 109 subcutaneously. Dog Acute toxicity LD50 (mg/kg):> 4000 Oral; 50 subcutaneous injection.;

• Application

   The third generation of corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, increased gluconeogenesis and so on. For the use of the primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency, rheumatism, collagen diseases, skin diseases, allergic diseases, eye diseases, and fulminant disseminated tuberculosis, hematopoietic system disorders, ulcerative colitis, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, and other hematopoietic malignancies.;

• Adverse effects

  Deflazacort carries the risks common to all corticosteroids, including immune suppression, decreased bone density, and endocrine insufficiency. In clinical trials, the most common side effects (>10% above placebo) were Cushing's-like appearance, weight gain, and
  increased appetite.
  Long-term medication can affect the normal growth of children, induced peptic ulcer perforation, which can cause euphoria, depression, insomnia and other psychiatric symptoms. Sudden withdrawal after long-term use can cause secondary adrenal insufficiency withdrawal reactions, which should gradually decrease until disabled.;

• Precautions

  • Like other glucocorticoids, it is general contraindicated in systemic infections.
  • Used with caution in diverticulitis, recent gastrointestinal surgery, renal failure, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, myasthenia gravis embolism. Pregnancy and lactation women should used with caution.
  ;

• Drug interactions

  • Cardiff may have unique row potassium, and it should pay more attention when combined with diuretics.
  • When combined with the drug having enzymatic action (rifampicin, phenobarbital, etc.), the corticosteroids should be properly increment.
  • Erythromycin, estrogen can inhibit the activity of this product and the metabolism, when combined with appropriate reductions.
  ;

• Preparation

  Compound 10g (1) was dissolved in 350ml methanol, and then added 8.3g of semicarbazide hydrochloride and 5.75ml of pyridine in 50ml of water, after the reaction. We can obtain compound 11g (Ⅱ). Compound 9g (Ⅱ) was dissolved 230ml 95% ethanol, the solution was added 3.6g of potassium carbonate and 2.34g of sodium borohydride in 36ml of water, which was refluxed for 30min and then added 2.34g of sodium borohydride. After the reaction, we can obtain compound 8.5g (Ⅲ). Compound 7.7g (Ⅲ) was dissolved in 154ml 10% hydrochloric acid in methanol, refluxed for 1h, to give Compound 6g (Ⅳ). Compound 12.5g (Ⅳ) was dissolved in 500ml of anhydrous toluene and 90ml of cyclohexanone. It was added 6.24g triisopropyl aluminum, 9g obtained by reacting the compound (V). 6.5g compound (V) was dissolved in 123ml dry dioxane, and 25% hydrogen bromide in acetic acid solution is heated, and then added 5.5g of bromine in dioxane; the reaction solution was poured into the water, collected by filtration after the crystals were carefully dried, redissolved in dimethylformamide. It  was added 7.5g of lithium bromide and lithium carbonate (1: 2) mixture. After heating the reaction, we can obtain the compound 5.1g (ⅵ). 2g compound (Ⅵ) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran-methanol (1: 1), added to 3.9g calcium oxide and 0.1g of azobisisobutyronitrile. It was added 2g of iodine in tetrahydrofuran-methanol mixture; After the reaction was filtered off precipitate , which was dissolved in acetone,  it was then added triethylamine 20ml, 20ml and 12ml acetone, acetic acid, atter the reaction, we can obtain 1.6g deflazacort.;

• References

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflazacort
  http://patient.info/medicine/deflazacort-tablets-calcort;

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