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N-Methylmesoporphyrin IX (NMM), a widely used G-quadruplex DNA specific fluorescent binder, is an efficient probe for monitoring Aβ fibrillation. N-Methylmesoporphyrin IX is an in situ inhibitor and an ex situ monitor for Aβ amyloidogenesis both in vitro and in cells. N-Methylmesoporphyrin IX is sensitive to G-quadruplexes DNA but has no response to duplexes, triplexes and single-stranded forms DNA. N-Methylmesoporphyrin IX is nonfluorescent alone or in monomeric Aβ environments, but emits strong fluorescence through stacking with the Aβ assemblies[1].

[1] Meng Li, et al. N-Methyl Mesoporphyrin IX as an Effective Probe for Monitoring Alzheimer's Disease β-Amyloid Aggregation in Living Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2017 Jun 21;8(6):1299-1304. DOI:10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00436