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GENERAL METHOD: 4-(2-nitrophenyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan (10.00 g, 34.57 mmol) was dissolved in triethyl phosphite (100 mL) and heated to reflux for 10 hours. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and extracted with ethyl acetate and distilled water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated by rotary evaporator to remove the solvent. Finally, the target product 5H-[1]benzothieno[3,2-c]carbazole was purified by silica gel column chromatography using dichloromethane/hexane as eluent to obtain the target product in the form of light yellow powder.

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