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Neodymium neodecanoate is a rare earth acid salt. Currently, neodymium neodecanoate in China is mainly an imported product, and its preparation methods mainly include decomposition and extraction methods. The direct extraction method is to add concentrated hydrochloric acid to neodymium trioxide to produce neodymium chloride and then mix it with ammonium hydroxide and naphthenic acid to produce a neodecanoic acid solution. Add ammonia water to neutralize the solution to make the pH of the solution neutral, then separate the water phase and oil phase through sedimentation, and finally distill it again to obtain a neodymium neodecanoate solution.