銀(I)アザイド

危険有害性情報のコード(GHS)

• 絵表示(GHS)

  

• 注意喚起語

  Danger

• 危険有害性情報

  H200：不安定火薬類

• 注意書き

  P201：使用前に取扱説明書を入手すること。

  P202：全ての安全注意を読み理解するまで取り扱わないこ と。

  P281：指定された個人用保護具を使用すること。

  P372：火災の場合に爆発する危険性あり。

  P373：炎が火薬類に届いたら消火活動をしないこと。

  P380：区域より退避させること。

  P401：．．．に保管すること。

  P501：内容物/容器を．．．に廃棄すること。

銀(I)アザイド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法

• 解説

  アジ化銀．希アンモニア水溶液中で硝酸銀とアジ化ナトリウムとを反応させると得られる．無色の斜方晶系結晶．密度4.81 g cm－3．融点252 ℃．水に不溶．300 ℃ 以上に加熱したり，光照射，打撃などにより爆発する．起爆剤として用いられる．

• 化学的特性

  orthorhombic, a=0.559 nm, b=0.591 nm, c=0.610nm; can be prepared by reacting silver nitrate solution with hydrazine or hydrazoic acid; sensitive to shock [KIR83] [CIC73]

• 使用

  It is used as a primary explosive, often as areplacement for lead azide. It may be usedin smaller quantities than lead azide as ainitiator.

• 健康ハザード

  Silver azide is a highly toxic substance. Thetoxic effects have not been reported.

• 火災危険

  It is a primary explosive. It explodes violently upon thermal and mechanical shock. It requires lesser energy for initiation than lead azide and also fires with a shorter time delay. The heats of combustion and detonation are 1037 and 454 cal/g, respectively (i.e., 156 and 68 kcal/mol, respectively). The detonation velocity is 6.8 km/sec (at the crystal density 5.1 g/cm3). The pure compound explodes at 340°C (644°F) (Mellor 1967). The detonation can occur at much lower temperatures in an electric field when initiated by irradiation. Also, the presence of impurities can lower down the temperature of detonation. Such impurities include oxides, sulfides, and selenides of copper and other metals.
  It reacts with halogens forming halogen azides, often producing explosions. It reacts explosively with chlorine dioxide, most interhalogen compounds, and many dyes. It reacts with acids forming heat- and shock-sensitive hydrazoic acid. When mixed with salt solutions of heavy metals, their azides are formed, which are sensitive to heat, impact and electric charge.

• 安全性プロファイル

  Explodes when heated above 270°C or on impact. Pure silver azide explodes at 340℃. An electric field or irradiation by electron pulses can explode the crystals. Shock-sensitive when dry and has detonated @ 250℃. Solutions in aqueous ammonia explode above 100°C. Reacts to form more explosive products with iodine (forms iodine azide); bromine and other halogens. The presence of metal oxides or metal sulfides increases the azide's sensitivity to explosion. lMixtures with sulfur dioxide are explosive. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also AZIDES and SILVER COMPOUNDS.

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