Geniposide is an iridoid glycoside. Geniposide is one of the biologically active ingredients of gardenia fruit. Geniposide exerts protective effects against hepatic steatosis in rats fed with a high fat diet; the underlying mechanism may be associated with its antioxidant actions or regulation of adipocytokine release and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. Geniposide (10-20 μM) inhibited high glucose (33 mM)-induced adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Geniposide (5-40 μM) also inhibited high glucose-induced expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin at the gene and protein levels. Furthermore, geniposide (5-20 mM) decreased reactive oxygen species production and prevented IkappaB degradation in the cytoplasm and NF-kappaB translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in HUVECs.
