D-Tetrandrine

Описание

Recently it has been discovered that pronounced drug-dependence and related toxic effects occur in both dogs and rhesus monkeys with this alkaloid on intravenous injection with a dose of 10-150 mg/kg. When rapidly injected, the acute hypotensive effect is very marked and fatal at once. Following drug administration at toxic levels it is found that severe local tissue reaction heptaotoxicity and lymphoid necrosis occurs. At the highest dosage level there is a very definite nephrotoxicity in monkeys and some indications of this in dogs. The evidence available suggests that monkeys are less sensitive to hepatotoxicity with this drug than dogs.

Химические свойства

White powder

Физические свойства

Appearance: Needle-like crystals (ether). Solubility: Hardly soluble in water and petroleum ether; soluble in ether and some organic solvents. Melting point: 219– 222?°C. Specific optical rotation: 285° (c?=?1, CHCl3); sensitive to light.

История

Recent studies have shown that tetrandrine has a variety of biological effects and very good applicational prospects in the treatment of fibrosis and portal vein and pulmonary hypertension, the regulation of immunologic function, as well as the prevention and treatment of tumor.
As early as 1988, tetrandrine has been found having the effect on blocking the Ca2 + channel and was quickly applied into the pharmacological research in the field of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Results from a large number of studies have shown that tetrandrine has good effects on antihypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, inflammation, and so on. As a traditional Chinese calcium antagonist, tetrandrine has a broad prospects in clinical applications of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.In the early 1990s, the application of tetrandrine was extended. During that time, researchers conducted many studies about its protective effects on liver, lung, and mitochondria, which opened a new field for the treatment of liver disease. In 2002, it was found that tetrandrine can inhibit the synthesis of DNA and RNA in tumor cells, which provided a new method for the treatment of cancer. At present, the prevention and treatment effects of hypertension, fibrosis, digestive diseases, tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases of tetrandrine have been confirmed, as well as the function of reducing portal hypertension and pulmonary hypertension, while its other pharmacological effects are to be explored in further study.

Использование

analgesic, antineoplastic, antihypertensive, lymphotoxin

Показания

This product is included in national standards for chemical drugs (Volume 14), British Pharmacopoeia (2017), and European Pharmacopoeia (9.0th ed.). Tetrandrine is used for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension and hypertensive crisis, rheumatism, silicosis, etc.

Фармаколо?гия

Tetrandrine has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects and has a wide range of usage on the cardiovascular system owing to its antihypertensive, anti-myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and antiarrhythmic effects. It can inhibit the platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, and arachidonic acid in?vitro and can also restrain the platelet adhesion and thrombosis (in rabbits). Tetrandrine also has anticancer effects. Studies have shown that tetrandrine has a strong inhibitory effect on the DNA and RNA synthesis in L7712 and S180 (cancer cells), which can significantly suppress the growth of Wacker sarcoma W256. Besides that, tetrandrine has the ability to relax the striated muscle, and its methyl iodide or methyl bromide derivatives can also affect the muscles. Notably, tetrandrine can prevent silicosis and has a preferable outcome on the clinical treatment of such disease. In addition, tetrandrine also owns antipyretic, diuretic, and antiallergic shock effects.

Клиническое использование

Tetrandrine is used for the treatment of hypertension, angina, termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, pulmonary fibrosis, and other diseases in clinical application, and it also has strong antitumor effects. Tetrandrine was also approved for lowering blood glucose and free radical damage; its treatment effect on silicosis is significant and superior to conventional immunosuppressive and cytotoxic drugs.

использованная литература

Gralla, Coleman, Jonas, Cancer Chemother. Rep., Pt. 3, 5(1), 79 (1974)