Хризен

Химические свойства

Chrysene is a combustible, white (when pure), red, or blue, fluorescent crystalline solid. Odorless. Chrysene 859 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds containing multiple benzene rings and are also called polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons

Физические свойства

Orthorhombic, bipyramidal plates from benzene exhibiting strong reddish-blue fluorescence under UV light

Использование

Chrysene may be used as an analytical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in fish bile, air particulate extracts and food samples by various chromatography techniques.

Общее описание

A crystalline solid. Denser than water and insoluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

Vigorous reactions, sometimes amounting to explosions, can result from the contact between aromatic hydrocarbons, such as Chrysene, and strong oxidizing agents. They can react exothermically with bases and with diazo compounds. Substitution at the benzene nucleus occurs by halogenation (acid catalyst), nitration, sulfonation, and the Friedel-Crafts reaction.

Опасность

Possible carcinogen.

Угроза здоровью

There is very little information published onthe acute toxicity of chrysene. The oral toxicity is expected to be low. Animal studies showsufficient evidence of carcinogenicity. It produced skin cancer in animals. Subcutaneousadministration of chrysene in mice causedtumors at the site of application. Cancer-causing evidence in humans is not known. Ahistidine reversion–Ames test for mutagenicity showed positive.

Пожароопасность

Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot.

Профиль безопасности

Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, and tumorigenic data by skin contact. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Возможный контакт

Almost never found by itself, chrysene is found in gasoline and diesel exhaust as well as in cigarette smoke; and in coal tar; coal tar pitch; creosote. It is used in organic synthesis.

Канцерогенность

The IARC has determined that there is limited evidence that chrysene is carcinogenic to experimental animals.ACGIH has classified chrysene as a confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans; a numerical threshold limit value (TLV) is not recommended.

Экологическая судьба

Biological. When chrysene was statically incubated in the dark at 25 °C with yeast extract and settled domestic wastewater inoculum, significant biodegradation with varied adaptation rates was observed. At concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, 59 and 38% biodegradation, respectively, were observed after 28 d (Tabak et al., 1981).
Soil. The reported half-lives for chrysene in a Kidman sandy loam and McLaurin sandy loam are 371 and 387 d, respectively (Park et al., 1990).
Surface Water. In a 5-m deep surface water body, the calculated half-lives for direct photochemical transformation at 40 °N latitude, in the midsummer during midday were 13 h and 68 d with and without sediment-water partitioning, respectively (Zepp and Schlotzhauer, 1979).
Photolytic. Based on structurally related compounds, chrysene may undergo photolysis to yield quinones (U.S. EPA, 1985) and/or hydroxy derivatives (Nielsen et al., 1983). The atmospheric half-life was estimated to range from 0.802 to 8.02 h (Atkinson, 1987). Behymer and Hites (1985) determined the effect of different substrates on the rate of photooxidation of chrysene using a rotary photoreactor. The photolytic half-lives of chrysene using silica gel, alumina, and fly ash were 100, 78, and 38 h, respectively.

Перевозки

UN3077 Environmentally Hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.

Методы очистки

Purify chrysene by chromatography on alumina from pet ether in a darkened room. Its solution in *C6H6 is passed through a column of decolorising charcoal, then crystallised by concentrating the eluate. It has also been purified by crystallising from *C6H6 or *C6H6/pet ether, and by zone refining. [Gorman et al. J Am Chem Soc 107 4404 1985]. It is freed from 5H-benzo[b]carbazole by dissolving it in N,N-dimethylformamide and successively adding small portions of alkali and iodomethane until the fluorescent colour of the carbazole anion no longer appears when alkali is added. The chrysene (and alkylated 5H-benzo[b]carbazole) separate on addition of water. Final purification is by crystallisation from ethylcyclohexane and/or from 2-methoxyethanol [Bender et al. Anal Chem 36 1011 1964]. It can be sublimed in a vacuum. [Beilstein 5 IV 2554.]

Несовместимости

Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosion hazard

Утилизация отходов

Chrysene may be destroyed by permanganate oxidation, by high-temperature incinerator with scrubbing equipment; or by microwave plasma treatment.