AMBRAIN

Описание

Refer to LABDANUM, ABSOLUTE.

Химические свойства

Labdanum absolute is produced by extraction of the gum with alcohol (e.g., methanol or ethanol). The so-called colorless absolutes are obtained from absolutes by extraction with, for example, hexane.
Steam distillation of the gum yields labdanum oil, which is a golden yellow, viscous liquid that quickly turns dark brown on standing:
d²⁵₂₅ 0.905–0.993; n²⁰_D 1.4920–1.5070; α²⁰_D +0°15′to +7°, often difficult to determine due to its dark color; solubility: 1 vol in 0.5 vol of 90% ethanol, solutions frequently opalescent to turbid, paraffinsmay separate upon further dilution; acid number: 18–86; ester number: 31–86.
Cistus oil and extracts are products with completely different sensory properties. They are derived from the leaves and young twigs of C. ladanifer. Cistus oil is obtained by steam distillation; solvent extraction yields cistus concrete. Cistus oil, in contrast to labdanum oil, consists mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons.
Cistus and labdanum products are produced in some Mediterranean countries (Spain, France,Morocco), where the Cistus shrub grows abundantly.They are used in perfumery, giving perfume compositions awarm, balsamic tonalitywith a touch of ambergris. The typical odor originates from a number of compounds that are formed by oxidative degradation of diterpenes with the labdane skeleton, which are the main constituents of labdanum gum. The resinoids and absolutes are excellent natural fixatives.

Вхождение

Found in the gum of the shrub Cistus ladaniferus L

Подготовка

By steam distillation of the crude gum

Cостав эфирных масел

The main constituents of the oil include terpenes, benzaldehyde, acetophenone, a ketone with a peppermint odor, acetic acid and eugenol.