2,4-ДИНИРОТОЛУОЛ
- английское имя2,4-Dinitrotoluene
- CAS №121-14-2
- CBNumberCB7852929
- ФормулаC7H6N2O4
- мольный вес182.13
- EINECS204-450-0
- номер MDLMFCD00007172
- файл Mol121-14-2.mol
химическое свойство
| Температура плавления | 67-70 °C(lit.) |
| Температура кипения | 300 °C |
| плотность | 1,521 g/cm3 |
| давление пара | 1 mm Hg ( 102.7 °C) |
| показатель преломления | 1.4420 |
| Fp | 155 °C |
| температура хранения | 2-8°C |
| растворимость | Soluble in acetone, ethanol, benzene, ether, and pyrimidine (Weast, 1986) |
| пка | 13.53 (Perrin, 1972) |
| форма | solid |
| Растворимость в воде | 0.3 g/L (20 ºC) |
| БРН | 1912834 |
| констант закона Генри | 5.39(x 10-8 atm?m3/mol) at 25 °C (thermodynamic method-GC/UV spectrophotometry, Altschuh et al., 1999) |
| Стабильность | Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, strong bases. |
| ИнЧИКей | RMBFBMJGBANMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Справочник по базе данных CAS | 121-14-2(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| Рейтинг продуктов питания EWG | 6 |
| FDA UNII | 6741D310ED |
| Предложение 65 Список | 2,4-Dinitrotoluene |
| МАИР | 2B (Vol. 65) 1996 |
| Справочник по химии NIST | Benzene, 1-methyl-2,4-dinitro-(121-14-2) |
| Система регистрации веществ EPA | 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (121-14-2) |
| UNSPSC Code | 41116107 |
| NACRES | NA.24 |
больше
| Коды опасности | T,N,F | |||||||||
| Заявления о рисках | 45-23/24/25-48/22-51/53-62-68-39/23/24/25-11-52/53-36-20/21/22-50/53 | |||||||||
| Заявления о безопасности | 53-45-61-36/37-16-26-60 | |||||||||
| РИДАДР | UN 3454 6.1/PG 2 | |||||||||
| WGK Германия | 3 | |||||||||
| RTECS | XT1575000 | |||||||||
| TSCA | Yes | |||||||||
| Класс опасности | 6.1 | |||||||||
| Группа упаковки | II | |||||||||
| кода HS | 29042030 | |||||||||
| Банк данных об опасных веществах | 121-14-2(Hazardous Substances Data) | |||||||||
| Токсичность | Acute oral LD50 for mice 790 mg/kg, rats 268 mg/kg, guinea pigs 1.30 g/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985). | |||||||||
| NFPA 704: |
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рисовальное письмо(GHS)
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рисовальное письмо(GHS)
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сигнальный язык
опасность
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вредная бумага
H301+H311+H331：Токсично при проглатывании, при контакте с кожей или при вдыхании.
H341：Предполагается, что данное вещество вызывает генетические дефекты.
H350：Может вызывать раковые заболевания.
H410：Чрезвычайно токсично для водных организмов с долгосрочными последствиями.
H361f：Предполагается, что данное вещество может отрицательно повлиять на способность к деторождению.
H373：Может поражать органы (Нервная система) в результате многократного или продолжительного воздействия при вдыхании.
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оператор предупредительных мер
P201：Беречь от тепла, горячих поверхностей, искр, открытого огня и других источников воспламенения. Не курить.
P273：Избегать попадания в окружающую среду.
P280：Использовать перчатки/ средства защиты глаз/ лица.
P301+P310+P330：ПРИ ПРОГЛАТЫВАНИИ: Немедленно обратиться за медицинской помощью. Прополоскать рот.
P302+P352+P312：ПРИ ПОПАДАНИИ НА КОЖУ: Промыть большим количеством воды. Обратиться за медицинской помощью при плохом самочувствии.
P304+P340+P311：ПРИ ВДЫХАНИИ: Свежий воздух, покой. Обратиться за медицинской помощью.
2,4-ДИНИРОТОЛУОЛ химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
2,4-Dinitrotoluene is the most common of the six dinitrotoluene isomers. Dinitrotoluene (DNT) or Dinitro is an explosive with the formula C6H3(CH3)(NO2)2. At room temperature it is a pale yellow to orange crystalline solid. It is a high explosive and one of the precursors for trinitrotoluene (TNT), which is synthesized through three separate nitrations of toluene. The first product is mononitrotoluene, DNT is the second, and TNT is the third and final product. Dinitrotoluene induced sensitization in an employee of a manufacturers of explosives, also sensitized to nitroglycerin.Химические свойства
2,4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT) or dinitro is an organic compound with the formula C7H6N2O4. This pale yellow crystalline solid is well known as a precursor to trinitrotoluene (TNT) but is mainly produced as a precursor to toluene diisocyanate.Физические свойства
Both 2,4-Dinitrotoulene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-Dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) are man-made solids that are pale yellow and have a slight odor. They are two of the six forms of a chemical called Dinitrotoluene (DNT). DNT is made by mixing toluene with nitric acid.Использование
2,4-Dinitrotoluene is used largely, along with the 2,6-isomer, to make toluene diisocyanate. The DNT mixture is hydrogenated to yield the diamine that is reacted with phosgene to form the diisocyanate that is reacted with polyols to make polyurethane foams. DNT is also employed to some extent in manufacturing explosives.Определение
ChEBI: 2,4-dinitrotoluene is a dinitrotoluene in which the methyl group is ortho to one of the nitro groups and para to the other. It is the most common isomer of dinitrotoluene.Методы производства
4-Nitrotoluene is nitrated with mixed acid (containing equimolar HNO3) under controlled conditions and continuous operation to give a 96 % yield of 2,4-dinitrotoluene. In Meissner units, for tighter control of the whole process, cocurrent flow is used in each step to separate mono- and dinitration, but countercurrent flow is used between them to prevent underor overnitration; this is also done in one-step nitration plants. After nitration, if separation of the resulting emulsion is difficult, the introduction of pure product can give surprisingly rapid separation.Alternative processes yield mixed isomer products. When toluene is nitrated directly under similar conditions with 2.1 equivalents of nitric acid, the product is a ca. 80 : 20 mixture of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene [606-20-2]. Nitration of 2-nitrotoluene, which is sometimes present in surplus, gives a ca. 67 : 33 mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene.
Общее описание
Heated yellow liquid. Solidifies if allowed to cool. Insoluble in water and more dense than water. Toxic by skin absorption, inhalation and ingestion. Easily absorbed through the skin. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used to make dyes and other chemicals.Реакции воздуха и воды
Insoluble in water.Профиль реактивности
DINITROTOLUENE is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, caustics, active metals, tin and zinc . Decomposition occurs at 250°C. Prolonged heating below 250°C causes some decomposition, and the presence of impurities may decrease the decomposition temperatures. Decomposition is self-sustaining at 280°C. Containers may explode in a fire [USCG, 1999]. May react violently in the presence of a base or when heated to the boiling point. Attacks some forms of plastics, rubbers and coatings .Угроза здоровью
Ingestion or overexposure to vapors from hot liquid can cause loss of color, nausea, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, collapse. Hot liquid can burn eyes and skin. Prolonged skin contact with solid can give same symptoms as after inhalation or ingestion.Профиль безопасности
2,4-Dintirotoluene is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of polyurethanes. No information is available on the acute (short-term) effects of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in humans. Chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure to 2,4-dinitrotoluene affects the central nervous system (CNS) and blood in humans. A significant reduction in sperm count and normal sperm morphology was observed in one study of chronically exposed workers, while other studies have not reported this effect. No significant increase in cancer mortality was observed in a study of workers occupationally exposed to 2,4-dinitrotoluene by inhalation. Kidney, liver, and mammary gland tumors were observed in animals orally exposed to 2,4- dinitrotoluene. EPA has not classified 2,4-dinitrotoluene for potential carcinogenicity.Экологическая судьба
Biological. When 2,4-dinitrotoluene was statically incubated in the dark at 25 °C with yeast extract and settled domestic wastewater inoculum, significant biodegradation with gradual acclimation was followed by deadaptive process in subsequent subcultures. At a concentration of 5 mg/L, 77, 61, 50, and 27% losses were observed after 7, 14, 21, and 28-d incubation periods, respectively. At a concentration of 10 mg/L, only 50, 49, 44, and 23% were observed after 7, 14, 21, and 28-d incubation periods, respectively (Tabak et al., 1981).Photolytic. Low et al. (1991) reported that nitro-containing compounds (e.g., 2,4-dinitrophenol) degrade via UV light in the presence of titanium dioxide yielding ammonium, carbonate, and nitrate ions. By analogy, 2,4-dinitrotoluene should degrade forming identical ions.
Chemical/Physical. Wet oxidation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene at 320 °C yielded formic and acetic acids (Randall and Knopp, 1980).
Метаболический путь
The major biliary metabolite of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4- DNT) in the rat is the glucuronide conjugate of 2,4- dinitrobenzyl alcohol and the minor metabolites are 2,4-dinitrobenzyl alcohol, 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde, 2- acetylamino-4-nitrotoluene, 4-amino-2-nitro or 2- amino-4-nitrobenzyl alcohol sulfate, 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid, 2,4-diacetylaminobenzoic acid, and 2-amino-4- nitrobenzoic acid.Методы очистки
Crystallise it from Me2CO, isopropanol or MeOH. Dry it in a vacuum over H2SO4. It has also been purified by zone melting. It could be EXPLOSIVE when dry.[Beilstein 5 H339, 5 IV 865, 5 III 759.]