Chlorfenvinfos

Химические свойства

Chlorfenvinphos is a nonflammable, yellow or amber liquid with a mild odor.

Использование

Insecticide; acaricide.

Подготовка

Chlorfenvinphos is synthesized by the Perkow reaction of triethyl phosphite with 2,4-α,α-tetrachloroacetophenone. Technical product is an E/Z isomer mixture with an E : Z ratio of 1 : 8–9 and an amber liquid, bp 167–170 ?C/0.5 mm Hg, vp 1 mPa (25 ?C), sparingly soluble in water (145 mg/L), and miscible with most common organic solvents such as acetone and aromatic hydrocarbons. Log Kow = 3.85. It is hydrolyzed slowly in slightly alkaline aqueous solutions and rapidly in strongly alkaline solutions; DT₅₀ values are >700 h (pH 1.1, 38 ?C), >400 h (pH 9.1, 38 ?C), and 1.28 h (pH 13, 20 ?C).

Общее описание

Amber-colored liquid with a mild chemical odor. Used for control of ticks, flies, lice, and mites on cattle and for blowfly, lice, ked, and itchmite on sheep. Controls fleas and mites on dogs; not used on cats. Applied on organic wastes and breeding places of fly larvae. Also used as a foliage insecticide for potatoes, rice, maize, and sugar cane. Used to control soil insects.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Slightly soluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

Organophosphates, such as Chlorfenvinfos, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

Опасность

A cholinesterase inhibitor.

Угроза здоровью

Acute: cholinesterase inhibitor which affects central nervous system. Severe illness or death possible. Convulsions or coma and death.

Пожароопасность

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Chlorfenvinfos may burn but does not ignite readily. Container may explode in heat of fire. Fire and runoff from fire control water may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Avoid iron, steel, and brass. Stable when stored in glass or polyethylene lined containers. Avoid alkaline aqueous solutions.

Профиль безопасности

Poison by ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Human systemic effects by skin contact: unspecified blood system effects. Mutation data reported. A cholinesterase inhibitor. An insecticide. See also PARATHION. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cland POx.

Возможный контакт

Used as a soil insecticide for root maggots, rootworms, and cutworms. Those engaged in the production, formulation, and application of this insecticide.

Экологическая судьба

The mechanism of toxicity of chlorfenvinphos is related to its binding and inhibition of the serine hydrolase AChE. In the nervous system, AChE hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, thereby terminating its synaptic action. AChE inhibition increases the availability of acetylcholine at the neural synapse, leading to cholinergic overstimulation, autonomic and neuromuscular dysfunction, and at higher levels, resulting in coma and death. Major metabolites of chlorfenvinphos do not inhibit ChE. Chlorfenvinphos inhibits butyrylcholinesterase which may function as a molecular scavenger for anti-ChE compounds in the blood or substitute for AChE where it is low.
The stress responses to acute exposure of chlorfenvinphos are evidenced in rats by rapidly increased plasma corticosterone concentrations and a prolonged reduced sensitivity to psychostimulants such as amphetamine. These effects were attributed to the hyperactivity of the cholinergic system from ChE inhibition, leading to persistent alterations of the brain cholinergic–dopaminergic balance.
Other potentially more sensitive non-ChE targets that may influence the overall toxicity of chlorfenvinphos include lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, aromatic amino acid transferases, and cytotoxicity. Chlorfenvinphos may act via central noradrenergic mechanisms to induce hypotension by accelerating the noradrenaline turnover in the brain. Chlorfenvinphos induces hepatic CYPs.

Перевозки

UN3018 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

Несовместимости

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Strong oxidizers may cause release of toxic phosphorus oxides. Organophosphates, in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides, may form highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas. Keep away from alkaline materials. May be corrosive to metals in the presence of moisture.

Утилизация отходов

Destruction by alkali hydrolysis or incineration. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.