Dill Oil

Химические свойства

Dill weed oil, which is the most important, is obtained by steam distillation of the dill weed (herb) before the fruits becomemature. Itsmain constituents are ??-phellandrene (10–20%), limonene (30–40%), carvone (30–40%), and the so-called (+)-dill ether (up to 10%). The latter is responsible for the typical organoleptic properties of the dill plant and, thus, of dill weed oil. Annually, ～150 t are produced mainly in the United States and Canada, smaller quantities come from Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Hungary, Ukraine).

Физические свойства

Dill weed oil: American dill weed oil is a pale-yellow to yellow liquid. Dill seed oil: The oil is a slightly yellow liquid.

Вхождение

Found in the plant of A . graveolens, L. (Fam. Umbelliferae) (Guenther, 1950).

Подготовка

By steam distillation of the freshly cut plants of A . graveolens L. (Guenther, 1950).

Cостав эфирных масел

Dill seed oil: Limonene (5.9%), α-pinene (1.3%), γ-terpinene (0.1%), decanal (0.2%), terpinen-4-ol (0.1%), β-elemene (0.1%), cis-dihydrocarvone and caryophyllene (0.8%), trans-hydrocarone (16.6%), carvone (20.9%), dillapiole (52.5%).
Dill weed oil: The major constituents are carvone (35%), limonene (25%), α-phellandrene (29%), 3,7-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrocoumaran (2.9%). In addition, myristicin, dillapiole and unidentified waxes have been reported.

Фармаколо?гия

Dill oil from parts of the A . graveolens plant at concentrations of 50-100 μg/ml had a spasmolytic effect on smooth muscle (isolated rabbit and guinea-pig intestine and guinea-pig lung) and a 5% emulsion in physiological saline given iv to cats at 5-10 mg/kg increased respiratory volume and depressed blood pressure (Shipochliev, 1968). The spasmolytic effect was considered to be chiefly myotropic.
In nearly 100 haemorrhoidal patients, one-third of whom were young, repeated oral doses and nightly enemas of an aqueous infusion prepared from 20-25 g dill plant (A. graveolens) in 200-250 g water caused complete and lasting reduction of venous knots in 2-3 wk (Freise, 1938).

Профиль безопасности

Mildly toxic by ingestion. A skin irritant. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.