Glyceryl monooleate

Описание

Glyceryl monooleate (GMO), generally referred to as monoolein (MO), is FDA approved amphiphilic lipid that is widely used during the synthesis of cubosomes. Glyceryl monooleate is a waxy material, but its physical form is dependent on the content of di- and triglyceride. GMO is a polar unsaturated monoglyceride that can self-assemble in water into bicontinuous cubic structures. The amphiphilic chemical structure of GMO with hydrophilic polar head (hydroxyl groups) and hydrophobic chains in the tail facilitates H-bond formation with water. GMOs are classified as GRAS (generally recognized as safe) due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and minimal toxicity. The biodegradability was attributed to the lipolysis of GMOs in different tissues via esterase activity. The GMO-based systems, especially bicontinuous cubic and hexagonal LC phases, were highly reported as promising drug delivery. Thanks to their unique features, which include their minimal toxicity, prolonged release rate, and thermodynamic stability upon exposure to excess water.

Использование

93% 1-Oleoyl, 7% 2-oleoyl

Определение

An antifog agent and dispersant.

Методы производства

Glyceryl monooleate is prepared by the esterification of glycerol with fatty acids, chiefly oleic acid. As the fatty acids are not pure substances, but rather a mixture of fatty acids, the product obtained from the esterification will contain a mixture of esters, including stearic and palmitic. Di- and triesters may also be present. The composition and, therefore, the physical properties of glyceryl monooleate may thus vary considerably from manufacturer to manufacturer; e.g. the melting point may vary from 10–35°C.

Фармацевтические приложения

Glyceryl monooleate is a polar lipid that swells in water to give several phases with different rheological properties. It is available in both nonemulsifying (n/e) and self-emulsifying (s/e) grades, the self-emulsifying grade containing about 5% of an anionic surfactant.
The nonemulsifying grade is used in topical formulations as an emollient and as an emulsifying agent for water-in-oil emulsions. It is also a stabilizer for oil-in-water emulsions. The self-emulsifying grade is used as a primary emulsifier for oil-in-water systems.
Glyceryl monooleate gels in excess water, forming a highly ordered cubic phase that can be used to sustain the release of various water-soluble drugs.It is also the basis of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
Glyceryl monooleate is reported to enhance transdermal and buccal penetration.

Профиль безопасности

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Безопасность

Glyceryl monooleate is used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations and is generally regarded as a relatively nonirritant and nontoxic excipient.

хранилище

Glyceryl monooleate should be stored in an airtight container, protected from light in a cool, dry place.

Несовместимости

Glyceryl monooleate is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. The self-emulsifying grade is incompatible with cationic surfactants.

Регуляторный статус

GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules, oral powder, oral tablets; creams, controlled-release transdermal films). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.