L - (-) - эфедрин

Описание

This alkaloid was first isolated by Kanao from the Chinese drug 'Ma-Huang' (Ephedra sinica Stapf.) and later by Wolfes from E. helvetica C. A. Meyer and E. distachya Linn. It forms a crystalline mass and has [α] ²⁰ _D - 14.56° (EtOH). Several crystalline salts and derivatives are known: the hydrochloride has m.p. 171-2°C; [α] ²⁰ _D- 33.27° (H20); the sulphate dihydrate, m.p. 285-6°C (dry, dec.); [α] ²⁸ _D- 31.99° (H20); the aurichloride, m.p. 188°C; platinichloride, m.p. 221°C (dec.); (-)-hydrogen tartrate, m.p. about 160° after sintering at 130°C; oxalate, m.p. 245°C (dec.) and the p-nitrobenzoyl derivative, m.p. 175-6°C; [α] ²⁸ _D- 49.58° (CHCI3).
The (+)-form has m.p. 52°C; [α] ²⁷ _D + 14.76° (EtOH), yielding a hydro_x0002_chloride, m.p. 171-2°C; [α] ²⁷ _D + 33.4° (EtOH); sulphate dihydrate, m.p. 285- 6°C (dry, dec.); [α] ²⁷ _D+ 31.51 0 C (H20); aurichloride, m.p. 188°C (dec.) and platinichloride, m.p. 221.5°C (dec.). The (±)-form crystallizes as colourless plates from Et20, m.p. 104-5°C and also furnishes a series of crystalline salts and derivatives.

Химические свойства

white powder

Использование

A metabolite of Phenmetrazine.

Профиль безопасности

A human poison by ingestion. Poison experimentally by intravenous, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by an unspecified route. Human systemic effects by ingestion: sleep, increased pulse rate without blood pressure decrease, and chronic pulmonary edema or congestion, convulsions, headache, and blood pressure elevation. Used in production of drugs of abuse. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

использованная литература

Kanao., Ber., 63,95 (1930) Wolfes., Arch. Pharrn., 268,87 (1930) Hey., J. Chern. Soc., 1232 (1930) Akabori, Momotani., J. Chern. Soc., Japan, 64, 608 (1943) Hoover, Hass., J. Org. Chern., 12,506 (1947)