Аравийская камедь

Химические свойства

white to yellow-white powder

Использование

As mucilage, excipient for tablets, size, emulsifier, thickener, also in candy, other foods; as colloidal stabilizer. In the manufacture of spray-dried "fixed" flavorsstable, powdered flavors used in packaged dry-mix products (puddings, desserts, cake mixes) where flavor stability and long shelf life are important.

Определение

The dried, water-soluble exudate from the stems of Acacia senegal or related species.

Методы производства

Acacia is the dried gummy exudate obtained from the stems and branches of Acacia senegal (Linné ) Willdenow or other related species of Acacia (Fam. Leguminosae) that grow mainly in the Sudan and Senegal regions of Africa.
The bark of the tree is incised and the exudate allowed to dry on the bark. The dried exudate is then collected, processed to remove bark, sand, and other particulate matter, and graded. Various acacia grades differing in particle size and other physical properties are thus obtained. A spray-dried powder is also commercially available.

Общее описание

White powder.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Water soluble. Aqueous solution is acid to litmus.

Профиль реактивности

Arabic gum reacts with strong oxidizing agents. Arabic gum precipitates out of solution or jellies upon addition of solutions of ferric salts, borax, basic lead acetate, alcohol, sodium silicate, gelatin or ammoniated tincture of guaiac.

Угроза здоровью

Exposures to gum arabica dust produce a weak allergen reaction. Prolonged periods of dust inhalation may cause allergic respiratory reaction, headache, coughing, dizziness, dyspnea, respiratory symptoms such as asthma, watery nose and eyes, cough, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, and urticaria. Hives, eczema, and swelling may also occur. Ingestion and inhalation of gum acacia is considered non-toxic, but sensitive individuals may develop symptoms of mild toxicity.

Пожароопасность

Flash point data for Arabic gum are not available; however, Arabic gum is probably combustible.

Фармацевтические приложения

Acacia is mainly used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations as a suspending and emulsifying agent, often in combination with tragacanth. It is also used in the preparation of pastilles and lozenges, and as a tablet binder, although if used incautiously it can produce tablets with a prolonged disintegration time. Acacia has also been evaluated as a bioadhesive; and has been used in novel tablet formulations,and modified release tablets.
Acacia is also used in cosmetics, confectionery, food products, and spray-dried flavors.

Профиль безопасности

Very low toxicity by ingestion.Inhalation or ingestion has produced hives, eczema, andangiodema. Experimental reproductive effects. A severeeye irritant. A weak allergen. Mutation data reported.Combustible. When heated to decomposition it emitsacrid

Безопасность

Acacia is used in cosmetics, foods, and oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations. Although it is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic material, there have been a limited number of reports of hypersensitivity to acacia after inhalation or ingestion.Severe anaphylactic reactions have occurred following the parenteral administration of acacia and it is now no longer used for this purpose.
The WHO has not set an acceptable daily intake for acacia as a food additive because the levels necessary to achieve a desired effect were not considered to represent a hazard to health.
LD₅₀ (hamster, oral): >18 g/kg
LD₅₀ (mouse, oral): >16 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rabbit, oral): 8.0 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, oral): >16 g/kg

хранилище

Aqueous solutions are subject to bacterial or enzymatic degradation but may be preserved by initially boiling the solution for a short time to inactivate any enzymes present; microwave irradiation can also be used. Aqueous solutions may also be preserved by the addition of an antimicrobial preservative such as 0.1% w/v benzoic acid, 0.1% w/v sodium benzoate, or a mixture of 0.17% w/v methylparaben and 0.03% propylparaben. Powdered acacia should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.

Несовместимости

amidopyrine, apomorphine, cresol, ethanol (95%), ferric salts, morphine, phenol, physostigmine, tannins, thymol, and vanillin.
An oxidizing enzyme present in acacia may affect preparations containing easily oxidizable substances. However, the enzyme may be inactivated by heating at 100℃ for a short time.
Many salts reduce the viscosity of aqueous acacia solutions, while trivalent salts may initiate coagulation. Aqueous solutions carry a negative charge and will form coacervates with gelatin and other substances. In the preparation of emulsions, solutions of acacia are incompatible with soaps.

Регуляторный статус

GRAS listed. Accepted for use in Europe as a food additive. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral preparations and buccal or sublingual tablets). Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK.