Октахлор-4,7-метанотетрагидроиндан

Описание

Chlordane is a viscous, amber-coloured liquid. Technical-grade chlordane is a mixture of many structurally related compounds including trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, chlordene, heptachlor, and trans-nonachlor. Chlordane was used as a broad-spectrum pesticide in the United States from 1948 to 1988. The uses included termite control in homes and pest control on agricultural crops such as maize and citrus, on home lawns, gardens, turf, and ornamental plants. Chlordane is a persistent organochlorine insecticide. It kills insects when ingested and on contact. Formulations include dusts, emulsifiable concentrates, granules, oil solutions, and wettable powder.

Химические свойства

Chlordane is a viscous, amber-colored liquid. Technical grade chlordane is a mixture of many structurally related compounds including trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, -chlordene, heptachlor, and trans-nonachlor. 14,15 Chlordane was used as a broad-spectrum pesticide in the United States from 1948 to 1988. Its uses included termite control in homes; pest control on agricultural crops such as maize and citrus, on home lawns, gardens, turf, and ornamental plants. Chlordane is a persistent organochlorine insecticide. It kills insects when ingested and on contact. Formulations include dusts, emulsifi able concentrates, granules, oil solutions, and wettable powder.

Физические свойства

Colorless to amber to yellowish-brown, viscous liquid. Technical formulations impart an aromatic, slight pungent odor similar to chlorine

Использование

Chlordane is a persistent non-systemic contact and ingested insecticide with some fumigant action. It is used as a wood preservative, protective treatment for underground cables, and to reduce earthworm populations in lawns. It is used against Formicidae, Coleoptera, Noctuidae larva, Saltatoria, subterranean termites, and many other insect pests. It controls household insects, pests of man and domestic animals.

Опасность

A possible carcinogen. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. Liver damage.

Угроза здоровью

Highly toxic to humans by ingestion; moderately toxic in test animals; skin absorption or inhalation of its vapors can producepoisoning effects; exhibits acute, delayed,and chronic effects; symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, irritation,confusion ataxia, tremor, and convulsions;delayed development of liver disease andblood disorder also reported (U.S. EPA1988); human death may result from ingestion of 10–20 g of pure compound or topical skin application of 50 g in 30 minutes;moderately irritating to skin; oral LD50value in rats ～300 mg/kg; exposure limit0.5 mg/kg: exposure limit 0.5 mg/m³ (skin);RCRA Waste Number U036; US EPA listedextremely hazardous substance; LD50 data inliterature inconsistent:
LD50 oral (rat): 200–600 mg/kg
LD50 oral (rabbit): 100 mg/kg
LD50 skin (rat): 690 mg/kg.

Сельскохозяйственное использование

Insecticide: Not approved for use in EU countries. Since 1988, the use and commercial production of chlordane (except for export) has been prohibited in the United States and other countries. The only commercial use still permitted is for fire ant control in power transformers. Chlordane is a broad-spectrum insecticide of the group of polycyclic chlorinated hydrocarbons called cyclodiene insecticides. Chlordane has been used extensively since the 1950s for termite control, as an insecticide for homes and gardens, and as a control for soil insects during the production of crops such as corn. Both the uses and the production volume of chlordane have decreased extensively since the issuance of a registration suspension notice for all food crops and home and garden uses of chlordane by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, significant commercial use of chlordane for termite control continues. Special groups at risk include children as a result of milk consumed; fishermen and their families because of the high consumption of fish and shellfish, especially freshwater fish; persons living downwind from treated fields; and persons living in houses treated with chlordane pesticide control agents.

Торговое название

A SPON-CHLORDANE®; BELT®; CD 68®; CHLORINDAN®; CHLOR KIL®; CHLORODANE®; CORODANE®; CHLORTOX®; DOWCHLOR®[C]; DOW-KLOR®[C]; GOLD CREST®[C]; KILEX LINDANE®; HCS 3260®; KYPCHLOR®; M 140®; M 410®; NIRAN®; OCTACHLOR®; OKTATERR®; OMS 1437®; ORTHO-KLOR®[C]; SD 5532®; SHELL SD-5532®[C]; SYNKLOR®; TAT®; TAT CHLOR® 4; TERMEX®; TOPICHLOR® 20; TOPICLOR®; TOXICHLOR®; VELSICOL® 1068[C]

Возможный контакт

Chlordane is a broad spectrum insecticide of the group of polycyclic chlorinated hydrocarbons called cyclodiene insecticides. Chlordane has been used extensively since the 1950s for termite control; as an insecticide for homes and gardens; and as a control for soil insects during the production of crops, such as corn. Both the uses and the production volume of chlordane have decreased extensively since the issuance of a registration suspension notice for all food crops and home and garden uses of chlordane by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. However, significant commercial use of chlordane for termite control continues. Special groups at risk include children as a result of milk consumed; fishermen and their families because of the high consumption of fish and shellfish, especially freshwater fish; persons living downwind from treated fields; and persons living in houses treated with chlordane pesticide control agents.

Канцерогенность

IARC has concluded that there is inadequate evidence for carcinogenicity of chlordane to humans and sufficient evidence for its carcinogenicity to animals.
Chlordane was not mutagenic to bacteria.

Метаболический путь

Chlordane undergoes a variety of metabolic processes including oxidation, reductive dechlorination, hydrolysis and epoxidation. These reactions afford products involving alteration of the cyclopentane ring; the norbornyl moiety generally remains unaffected except in photochemical reactions when bridged compounds may be formed or dechlorination may occur. Hydroxylation at position 3 is effected by microsomal mixed function oxidases to form 3-hydroxychlordane (12). Dehydration of this compound gives 1,2-dichlorochlordene (13), a key metabolic intermediate in the formation of oxychlordane and other metabolites. A second metabolic pathway involves dehydrochlorination to form heptachlor (2). Dechlorination affords 1-chlorodihydrochlordene (7). Hydrolysis gives 1-chloro-2-hydroxychlordene chlorohydrin (6) which may be metabolised to monochlorodihydroxy and trihydroxy derivatives of dihydrochlordene (Nomeir and Hajjar, 1987).

Перевозки

UN2996 Organochlorine pesticides, liquid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

Несовместимости

Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions. High heat and contact with alkaline solutions cause decomposition with the production of toxic fumes including chlorine, phosgene, hydrogen chloride. Attacks iron, zinc, plastics, rubber, and coatings.

Утилизация отходов

Chlordane is dehydrochlorinated in alkali to form “nontoxic” products, a reaction catalyzed by traces of iron, but the reaction is slow. The environmental hazards of the products are uncertain. Chlordane is completely dechlorinated by sodium in isopropyl alcohol. The UN Recommends incineration methods for disposal of chlordane. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.