What is Ramipril? What are the common Adverse Effects of Ramipril?

Ramipril is an ACE inhibitor. ACE stands for angiotensin converting enzyme.Ramipril is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) or congestive heart failure, and to improve survival after a heart attack.

Brand name

Tritace

Uses

Ramipril is a medicine widely used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure. It's also prescribed after a heart attack.Ramipril helps prevent future strokes, heart attacks and kidney problems.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Ramipril is readily absorbed when taken orally; the maximum plasma concentration in the therapeutic window is typically reached within 1 hour. The bioavailability of ramipril is approximately 50% to 60%. Although meals do not significantly impact the extent of absorption of ramipril, taking the drug with food can slow down the absorption rate.

Metabolism: Removing the ester group from ramipril forms its active metabolite, ramiprilat. Additionally, the glucuronidation of both ramipril and ramiprilat produces inactive metabolites. Notably, ramipril is not a substrate, inhibitor, or inducer of cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Ramipril is primarily excreted through urine (60%) and stool (40%). In patients with a creatinine clearance (CrCl) of less than 40 mL/min/1.73 m², the peak plasma concentration of ramiprilat is twice as high as those without kidney disorders. Similarly, the trough level tends to increase 5 times, and the area under the curve (AUC), representing drug exposure, is elevated 3- to 4-fold in these patients. Patients with liver impairment, which affects ramipril metabolism, may experience an increase in plasma levels by approximately 3-fold.

Adverse Effects

Comman side effects

>10%

Cough (7-8%)

Hypotension (2-11%)

1-10%

Headache (1-5%)

Angina pectoris (3%)

Dizziness (2-4%)

Nausea (2%)

Vomiting (2%)

Postural hypotension (2%)

Syncope (2%)

Vertigo (2%)

Abnormal kidney function (1%)

Diarrhea (1%)

<1%

Angioedema (0.3%)

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