Nanoprobes

Nanoprobes

国别：美国Nanoprobes

1.4nm的纳米金探针 授权签约代理

Nanoprobes公司专业生产免疫金标记和免疫测定试验产品。公司建立之初即研发用于检测生物分子的最灵敏的试剂和技术。其独特的金标技术使用化学交联的金属和纳米颗粒团簇作为标记。与胶体金颗粒静电吸附在抗体和蛋白质上的传统免疫金探针不同，本公司的金标是与生物分子在特定位点交联的不带电荷的分子。这使我们的探针具有胶体金不具备的范围和灵活性。
我们的标记可以附着在任何带有反应基的分子上– 蛋白质、多肽、寡核苷酸、小分子和脂类 - 以检测和定位这些分子。其他标记可以与我们的金标共同使用，我们独特的荧光纳米金探针在一个探针中结合了纳米金（Nanogold®）和荧光素，用于荧光和电镜两种技术共同进行样品成像。
新探针可基于天然生物分子的一个片段设计制作，标记可定位于远离结合位点处从而不影响探针与目标位点的结合。
Nanoprobe生产的1.4nm的纳米金探针被80多篇文献引用。我们目前正在研发更大的可交联的标记，为客户提供更大的、可共价连接的，具有与1.4nm 纳米金探针相同优点的探针。
Nanoprobe研发了扩展金标应用的新技术，可用于更灵敏、更快速的医学诊断。 我们提供一系列用于化学扩增、染色和成像的辅助试剂。 同时也研发金属团簇和纳米颗粒作为新材料、传感器和数据存储介质的组分的新应用。Nanoprobe提供最新的检测技术和试剂。
我们技术精湛的研究团队由化学家和生物物理学家组成，并与在此领域领的研究人员合作。公司获得NIH和NSF小企业创新项目的几项拨款，这些款项资助了公司的多个科研活动。
Nanoprobe公司独家生产和销售独特的产品Nanogold®及结合了荧光与免疫金探针的FluoroNanogold。另外还生产一个完整的3、5、10、15、30nm胶体金探针的产品系列，和一个包括具有独特优点的银增强和负染试剂产品系列。公司产品畅销全球。
主要产品：
结合了抗体/荧光标记/脂类/链霉亲和素的纳米金
金增强/银增强试剂
EnzMetTM-替代HRP底物，检测灵敏度高，分辨率高，用于原位杂交/免疫组化/关联显微系统/免疫斑点/蛋白杂交等
3-5nm/2-4nm/0.8nm/1.4nm， 带正电/负电/不带电荷，亲水/疏水的纳米金颗粒
检测his标签重组蛋白的Goldiblot（用于蛋白杂交）和Ni-NTA纳米金
纳米磁珠：超顺磁，具生物兼容性
负染试剂：NanoVan（钒），Nano-W（有机钨）
带不同反应基的纳米金颗粒
X-射线造影剂：AuroVistTM, EnzMetTM

产品：

 

1. EnzMetTM - 新的生物标记和染色方法（Nanoprobe研发的专利产品），使用酶探针选择性的将银沉积在目标位置，可替代HRP底物。

 

应用：
可替代HRP底物，用于原位杂交/免疫组化/电镜/关联显微系统/免疫斑点/蛋白杂交等
优点：
染色清晰度优于传统生色或荧光底物，永久不褪色，不扩散 
可检测内源单拷贝基因（原位杂交中）！超高灵敏度 
高分辨率 
背景接近零 
无需更多处理，染色即在电镜下可见 

 

 

 

 

免疫组化：DAB（左）EnzMet（右）染HER2扩增的组织

品名	产品描述	货号	规格
EnzMet™ IHC / ISH HRP Detection Kit	专为免疫组化和原位杂交优化的HRP检测试剂盒	6001	150张载玻片  30ml
EnzMet™ Western Blot HRP Detection Kit	在蛋白杂交中获得较高灵敏度的EnzMet	6002	100ml
EnzMet™ for General Research Applications	普通实验用的EnzMet	6010	45ml

References：

 

1. • J. F. Hainfeld, et al., Microsc. Microanal. 8 (Suppl. 2) (2002) 916 CD.
   • R. Tubbs, J. Pettay, et al. J. Mol. Histol. 35 (2004) 589.
   • R. Tubbs, J. Pettay, J., et al. Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol. 13 (2005) 371.
   • A. Cali & P. M. Takvorian, Southeast Asian Trop. Med. Public Health, 35 (Suppl. 1) (2004) 58.
   • A. Cali, L. M. Weiss, and P. M. Takvorian, J. Euk. Microbiol., 49 (2003) 164.
   • E.M. Keohane, G.A. Orr, et al., Mol. Biochem. Parasitol., 94 (1998) 227. This work was supported by NIH SBIR grant 2R44 GM064257-02A1 and NIH grant 2R01 AI031788. The authors thank Ventana Medical Systems, Incorporated for the I-View reagent.
     Ni-NTA纳米金 – 特异性结合his标签蛋白，用于标记his标签蛋白：
2. 应用：
   透射电镜/扫描透射电镜、光学显微镜、蛋白杂交、纯化his标签蛋白时，识别含目的蛋白的部分等实验。 
   优点：
   灵敏度高 
   探针小，分辨率高，1.8 nm Ni-NTA-纳米金比抗体探针小 
   高溶解度，稳定 
   无背景 
   永久染色 
   5 nm Ni-NTA-纳米金在电镜下可见，不需金增强/银增强 
   使用简单 

   
   左：1.8nm Ni-NTA-纳米金与his标签蛋白相互作用右：用Ni-NTA-纳米金标记6xhis腺病毒Knob蛋白，未染色的扫描电镜照片
   left: Structure of Ni-NTA-Nanogold® showing interaction with Interaction with a His-tagged protein; right: Knob protein from adenovirus cloned with 6x-His tag, labeled with Ni-NTA-Nanogold, column purified from excess gold, and viewed in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) unstained (Full width approximately 245 nm).

   
   上：5nm Ni-NTA-纳米金的结构，显示金属螯合物与his标签蛋白结合
   下：5nm Ni-NTA-纳米金的扫描电镜图，平均直径5.11±0.84nm。
   Top: Structure of NTA-Ni(II)-5 nm Nanogold®, showing the binding of the incorporated metal chelate to a His-tagged protein; distance from the gold particle surface to the His tag is estimated to be 1.5 nm. Above: Transmission electron micrograph of 5 nm NTA Nanogold: average diameter 5.11±0.84nm.

   品名	产品描述	货号	规格
   1.8 nm Ni-NTA-Nanogold®	比抗体小，更易渗透入组织，定位和检测细胞、组织或蛋白复合物中的his标签蛋白。	2080	10uM 30ml
   5 nm Ni-NTA-Nanogold®	目标量达一定程度时，无需银增强/金增强可直接用电镜观察	2082	0.5uM 3ml

   相关产品：

   GoldEnhance LM/Blot (GELM)	金增强试剂，用于光镜样品	2112	Initiator/Moderator/Activator/Buffer 各15 ml（共60 ml，足够做600张载玻片）
   GoldEnhance EM(GEEM)	金增强试剂，用于电镜样品	2113	Initiator/Moderator/Activator/Buffer 各2 ml（共8 ml，足够做200个网格）
   HQ Silver	用于纳米金的质量**的增强试剂，均匀显影，极好的保持结构，特别适合电镜，光敏感	2012	Initiator/Moderator/Activator 各15 ml（共45 ml）
   Li Silver	纳米金的银增强，用于电镜、光镜、凝胶、杂交，光不敏感	2013	Initiator/Enhancer 125 ml （共250 ml）

   References： 
   1. Kollman, J. M.; Zelter, A.; Muller, E. G.; Fox, B.; Rice, L. M.; Davis, T. N., and Agard, D. A.: The Structure of the gamma-Tubulin Small Complex: Implications of Its Architecture and Flexibility for Microtubule Nucleation. Mol. Biol. Cell, 19, 207-215 (2008).
   2. Adami, A.; Garcia-Alvarez, B.; Arias-Palomo, E.; Barford, D., and Llorca, O.: Structure of TOR and its complex with KOG1. Mol. Cell., 27509-516 (2007).
   3. Balasingham, S. V.; Collins, R. F.; Assalkhou, R.; Homberset, H.; Frye, S. A.; Derrick, J. P., and Tonjum, T.: Interactions between the Lipoprotein PilP and the Secretin PilQ in Neisseria meningitidis. J. Bacteriol., 189, 5716-5727 (2007).
   4. Jiang, Z. G.; Simon, M. N.; Wall, J. S., and McKnight, C. J.: Structural analysis of reconstituted lipoproteins containing the N-terminal domain of apolipoprotein B. Biophys. J., 92, 4097-4108 (2007).
   5. Pye, V. E, Beuron, F, Keetch, C. A, McKeown, C, Robinson, C. V, Meyer, H. H, Zhang, X, and Freemont, P. S.: Structural insights into the p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 467-472 (2007).
   6. Promnares, K.; Komenda, J.; Bumba, L.; Nebesarova, J.; Vacha, F., and Tichy, M.: Cyanobacterial Small Chlorophyll-binding Protein ScpD (HliB) Is Located on the Periphery of Photosystem II in the Vicinity of PsbH and CP47 Subunits. J. Biol. Chem., 281, 32705-32713 (2006).
   7. Collins, R. F.; Beis, K.; Clarke, B. R.; Ford, R. C.; Hulley, M.; Naismith, J. H.; and Whitfield, C.: Periplasmic protein-protein contacts in the inner membrane protein Wzc form a tetrameric complex required for the assembly of Escherichia coli group 1 capsules. J. Biol. Chem.,281, 2144-2150 (2006).
   8. Wolfe, C. L.; Warrington, J. A.; Treadwell, L., and Norcum, M. T.: A three-dimensional working model of the multienzyme complex of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases based on electron microscopic placements of tRNA and proteins. J. Biol. Chem., 280, 38870-38878 (2005).
   9. Bumba, L.; Tichy, M.; Dobakova, M.; Komenda, J., and Vacha, F.: Localization of the PsbH subunit in photosystem II from the Synechocystis 6803 using the His-tagged NiNTA Nanogold labeling. J. Struct. Biol., 152, 28-35 (2005)
   10. Collins, R. F.; Frye, S. A.; Balasingham, S.; Ford, R. C.; Tonjum, T., and Derrick, J. P.: Interaction with type IV pili induces structural changes in the bacterial outer membrane secretin PilQ. J. Biol. Chem., 280, 18923-18930 (2005).
   11. Chatterji, A.; Ochoa, W. F.; Ueno, T.; Lin T., and Johnson, J. E.: A virus-based nanoblock with tunable electrostatic properties. Nano Lett.,5, 597-602 (2005).
   12. Buchel, C.; Morris, E.; Orlova, E., and Barber, J.: Localisation of the PsbH subunit in photosystem II: a new approach using labelling of His-tags with a Ni(2+)-NTA gold cluster and single particle analysis. J. Mol. Biol., 312, 371-379 (2001).
   13. Hainfeld, J. F.; Liu, W.; Halsey, C. M. R.; Freimuth, P., and Powell, R. D.: Ni-NTA-Gold Clusters Target His-Tagged Proteins. J. Struct. Biol., 127, 185-198 (1999).
   14. Hainfeld, J. F.; Liu, W.; Joshi, V., and Powell R. D.: Nickel-NTA-Nanogold Binds his-Tagged Proteins. Microsc. Microanal., 8, (Suppl. 2: Proceedings) (Proceedings of Microscopy and Microanalysis 2002); Voekl, E.; Piston, D.; Gauvin, R.; Lockley, A. J.; Bailey, G. W., and McKernan, S., Eds.; Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 2002, p. 832CD.

   GoldiBlot™ HIS Western Blot Kit：Ni-NTA-纳米金颗粒
   应用：
   1.蛋白杂交检测带his标签的重组蛋白（染色时间1小时） 
   2.识别细胞裂解液或提取物中的his标签蛋白 
   3.证实转染细胞中his标签蛋白的表达 
   优点：
   更快更灵敏
   低背景 
   永久信号 
   

   品名	产品描述	货号	规格
   GoldiBlot™ HIS Western Blot Kit	用于在蛋白杂交中检测his重组蛋白的	2090	15个杂交

   References：

   1. Dubendorff, J.; Cruz, M.; Gonzalez, C.; Hainfeld, J.; Liu, W.: Rapid Detection of His-tagged Proteins on Western Blots Proc. 47th Ann. Mtg., Amer. Soc. Cell Biol., 47; Pres. # 1918., poster # B265 (2007).

金纳米颗粒：3-5nm/2-4nm/0.8nm/1.4nm， 带正电/负电/不带电荷，溶于两性/亲水/疏水溶剂的化学功能化纳米金颗粒，用带化学基团的不同配基包被和稳定，溶解性不同 

1. 应用：在多种系统和环境中的应用广泛

   品名	产品描述	货号	规格
   1-Mercapto-(triethylene glycol) methyl ether functionalized gold nanoparticles	两性3 - 5 nm纳米金颗粒，溶于甲苯、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、水、乙醇等溶剂	3012	80 mg
   (1-Mercaptoundec-11-yl) tetraethyleneglycol functionalized gold nanoparticles	亲水3 - 5 nm纳米金颗粒，溶于乙醇、水	3013	80 mg
   Dodecanethiol functionalized gold nanoparticles	疏水3 - 5 nm纳米金，用于甲苯等有机溶剂	3014	80 mg
   Octanethiol functionalized gold nanoparticles	疏水2 - 4 nm纳米金，用于甲苯等有机溶剂	3015	80 mg

 

AuroVistTM ：X-射线造影剂 

1. 优点:
   1. 用于活体，不破坏组织
   2. 低毒性
   3. 高对比度，比碘造影剂高3倍
   4. 显微CT可成像直径为20um的血管
   5. 1.9nm纳米金在血液中存留时间比碘造影剂长
   6. 使用浓度可比碘造影剂高4倍多
   7. 高浓度时渗透压低
   8. 低粘度，可注射
   9. 肾脏将其清除

    
   Live mouse 1 hour after injection with AuroVist™, showing kidney contrast and fine structure (bar = 1 mm).

   (upper): Live mouse, 2 minutes after injection 
   showing vascular fine structure; (lower) MicroCT of 
   mouse inferior vena cava (bar = 1mm).

   品名	产品描述	货号	规格
   AuroVistTM-1.9nm	在水、PBS或其他缓冲液中即溶	1102	40 mg Au
   AuroVistTM-15nm	产品已溶于PBS，并经0.22 um 膜过滤	1115	40 mg Au

   References：

   
   MicroCT Imaging
   1.  Hainfeld, J. F.; Slatkin, D. N.; Focella, T. M, and Smilowitz, H. M.: Gold nanoparticles: a new X-ray contrast agent. Br. J. Radiol., 79, 248-253 (2006).
   In Vivo Vascular Casting
   1.  Hainfeld, J. F.; Slatkin, D. N.; Focella, T. M., and Smilowitz, H. M.: In Vivo Vascular Casting. Microsc. Microanal., 11, (Suppl. 2: Proceedings); Price, R.; Kotula, P.; Marko, M.; Scott, J. H.; Vander Voort, G. F.; Nanilova, E.; Mah Lee Ng, M.; Smith, K.; Griffin, P.; Smith, P., and McKernan, S., Eds.; Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, p. 1216CD (2005).
   Radiation Therapy Enhancement
   1. •  Hainfeld, J. F., Slatkin, D. N., and Smilowitz, H. M.: The use of gold nanoparticles to enhance radiotherapy in mice. Phys. Med. Biol.,49, N309-N315 (2004).

纳米金结合物：共价结合了Fab’/IgG/链酶亲和素的纳米金，是最小的免疫金标探针，优于胶体金 

1. 1. 应用：
      市场上最小的免疫金标探针
      优点：
      金颗粒与Fab’或IgG比例接近1
      粒径小（1.4nm），且均匀
      低背景
      灵敏度高
      稳定

      品名	产品描述	货号	规格
      Nanogold-链酶亲和素		2016	0.5ml
      			1ml
      Nanogold-山羊抗生物素	IgG	2015	0.5ml
      			1ml
      Nanogold-山羊抗小鼠IgG	IgG	2001	0.5ml
      			1ml
      	Fab’	2002	0.5ml
      			1ml
      Nanogold-山羊抗兔IgG	IgG	2003	0.5ml
      			1ml
      	Fab’	2004	0.5ml
      			1ml
      Nanogold-兔抗山羊IgG	IgG	2005	0.5ml
      			1ml
      	Fab’	2006	0.5ml
      			1ml
      Nanogold-山羊抗大鼠IgG	IgG	2007	0.5ml
      			1ml
      	Fab’	2008	0.5ml
      			1ml
      Nanogold-兔抗绵羊IgG	IgG	2050	0.5ml
      			1ml
      	Fab’	2051	0.5ml
      			1ml
      Nanogold-山羊抗人IgG	IgG	2052	0.5ml
      			1ml
      	Fab’	2053	0.5ml
      			1ml
      Nanogold-山羊抗豚鼠IgG	IgG	2054	0.5ml
      			1ml
      	Fab’	2055	0.5ml
      			1ml

      用CARD扩增的纳米金+银增强检测Hela细胞中单个拷贝HPV16的原位杂交 
      扫描透射电镜图片 （左）羊抗小鼠胶体金 （右）羊Fab’抗小鼠纳米金

      

      References： 
      Nanogold® Antibody Conjugates
      1. Bendayan, M.: Worth its weight in gold. Science, 291, 1363-5 (2001).
      2. Bergles, D. E.; Roberts, J. D. B.; Somogyi, P., and Jahr, C. E.: Glutamatergic synapses on oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the hippocampus. Nature, 405, 187-190 (2000).
      3. D’Este, L.; Kulaksiz, H.; Rausch, U.; Vaccaro, R.; Wenger, T.; Tokunaga, Y.; Renda, T. G.; Cetin, Y.: Expression of guanylin in "pars tuberalis-specific cells" and gonadotrophs of rat adenohypophysis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 1131-1136 (2000).
      4. Feng, D.; Nagy, J. A.; Brekken, R. A.; Pettersson, A.; Manseau, E. J.; Pyne, L.; Mulligan, R.; Thorpe, P. E.; Dvorak, H. F., and Dvorak, A. M.: Ultrastructural localization of the vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (VPF/VEGF) receptor-2 (FLK-1, KDR) in normal mouse kidney and in the hyperpermeable vessels induced by VPF/VEGF-expressing tumors and adenoviral vectors J. Histochem. Cytochem., 48, 545-555 (2000).
      5. Grondin, G., and Beaudoin, A. R.: A New Pre-Embedding Immunogold Method that Permits to Obtain a Very High Signal with a Very Good Ultrastructure. Microsc. Microanal., 7, (Suppl. 2: Proceedings) (Proceedings of the Fifty-Ninth Annual Meeting, Microscopy Society of America); Bailey, G. W.; Price, R. L.; Voelkl, E., and Musselman, I. H., Eds.; Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 2001, pp. 1044-1045.
      6. Hainfeld, J. F.: Labeling with Nanogold and undecagold: techniques and results. Scanning Microsc. Suppl. (Proc. 14th Pfefferkorn Conf.); Malecki, M., and Roomans, G. M. (Eds.). Scanning Microscopy International, Chicago, IL, 10, 309-322 (1996).
      7. Ikeda, Y.; Martone, M.; Gu, Y.; Hoshijima, M.; Thor, A.; Oh, S. S.; Peterson, K. L., and Ross, J., Jr.: Altered membrane proteins and permeability correlate with cardiac dysfunction in cardiomyopathic hamsters Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 278, H1362-H1370 (2000).
      8. Kohler, A.; Lauritzen, B., and Van Noorden, J. F.: Signal amplification in immunohistochemistry at the light microscopic level using biotinylated tyramide and Nanogold-silver staining J. Histochem. Cytochem., 48, 933-941 (2000).
      9. Malecki, M.: Preparation of plasmid DNA in transfection complexes for fluorescence and spectroscopic imaging. Scanning Microsc. Suppl. (Proc. 14th Pfefferkorn Conf.); Malecki, M., and Roomans, G. M. (Eds.). Scanning Microscopy International, Chicago, IL, 10, 1-16 (1996).
      10. Robinson, J. M.; Takizawa, T., and Vandré, D. D.: Applications of gold cluster compounds in immunocytochemistry and correlative microscopy: comparison with colloidal gold. J. Microsc., 199, 163-79 (2000).
      11. Robinson, J. M.; Takizawa, T., and Vandré: Enhanced immunolabeling efficiency using ultrasmall immunogold probes: Immunocytochemistry J. Histochem. Cytochem., 48, 487-492 (2000).
      12. Sawada, H., and Esaki, M.: A practical technique to postfix Nanogold-immunolabeled specimens with osmium and to embed them in Epon for electron microscopy J. Histochem. Cytochem., 48, 493-498 (2000).
      13.  Tolstonog, G. V.; Sabasch, M., and Traub, P.: Cytoplasmic Intermediate Filaments Are Stably Associated with Nuclear Matrices and Potentially Modulate Their DNA-Binding Function. DNA Cell Biol., 21, 213-39 (2002).
      14. Yang, R.; Tabata, S.; Crowley, H. H.; Margolskee, R. F., and Kinnamon, J. C.: Ultrastructural localization of gustducin immunoreactivity in microvilli of type II taste cells in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol., 11, 139-151 (2000).
      15. Yoshimori, T.; Yamagata, F.; Yamamoto, A.; Mizushima, N.; Kabeya, Y.; Nara, A.; Miwako, I.; Ohashi, M.; Ohsumi, M., and Ohsumi, Y.: The Mouse SKD1,a homologue of yeast Vps4p, is required for normal endosomal trafficking and morphology in mammalian cells Mol. Biol. Cell, 11, 747-763 (2000).
      16. Zirwes, R. F.; Eilbracht, J.; Kneissel, S., and Schmidt-Zachmann, M. S.: A novel helicase-type protein in the Nucleolus: protein NOH61Mol. Biol. Cell, 11, 1153-1167 (2000).

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      ---

      Nanogold® Streptavidin
      1. Bendayan, M.: Worth its weight in gold. Science, 291, 1363-5 (2001).
      2. Graf, A. H.; Cheung, A. L.; Hauser-Kornberger, C.; Dandachi, N.; Tubbs, R. R.; Dietze, O., and Hacker, G. W.: Clinical relevance of HPV 16/18 testing methods in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Appl. Immunohistochem. Molecul. Morphol., 8, 300-9 (2000).
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      1. Weipoltshammer, K.; Schéfer, C.; Almeder, M., and Wachtler, F.: Signal enhancement at the electron microscopic level using Nanogold and gold-based autometallography. Histochem. Cell Biol., 114, 489-495 (2000).
      2. Cheung, A. L.; Graf, A. H.; Hauser-Kronberger, C.; Dietze, O.; Tubbs, R. R., and Hacker, G. W.: Detection of human papillomavirus in cervical carcinoma: comparison or peroxidase, Nanogold, and catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD)-Nanogold in situ hybridization Mod. Pathol., 12, 689 (1999).
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      13. Zehbe, I., Hacker, G.W., Su, H., Hauser-Kronberger, C., Hainfeld, J.F., and Tubbs, R.: Sensitive in situ hybridization with catalyzed reporter deposition, streptavidin-Nanogold, and silver acetate autometallography. Detection of single-copy human papillomavirus. Am. J. Pathol. 150, 1553-1561 (1997).

荧光纳米金： 连接了Fab’的荧光纳米金 

1. 1. Alexa Fluor® 488 荧光纳米金结合物： 

      品名	产品描述	货号	规格
      兔抗山羊IgG Alexa Fluor® 488 荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了Alexa Fluor® 488的亲和纯化的Fab’	7206	0.5ml
      			1ml
      山羊抗豚鼠IgG Alexa Fluor® 488 荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了Alexa Fluor® 488的亲和纯化的Fab’	7255	0.5ml
      			1ml
      山羊抗人IgG Alexa Fluor® 488 荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了Alexa Fluor® 488的亲和纯化的Fab’	7253	0.5ml
      			1ml
      山羊抗小鼠IgG Alexa Fluor® 488 荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了Alexa Fluor® 488的亲和纯化的Fab’	7202	0.5ml
      			1ml
      山羊抗兔IgG Alexa Fluor® 488 荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了Alexa Fluor® 488的亲和纯化的Fab’	7204	0.5ml
      			1ml
      山羊抗大鼠IgG Alexa Fluor® 488 荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了Alexa Fluor® 488的亲和纯化的Fab’	7208	0.5ml
      			1ml
      兔抗绵羊IgG Alexa Fluor® 488 荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了Alexa Fluor® 488的亲和纯化的Fab’	7251	0.5ml
      			1ml
      链酶亲和素Alexa Fluor® 488 荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了Alexa Fluor® 488的亲和纯化的Fab’	7216	0.5ml
      			1ml

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      
      Alexa Fluor®* 546荧光纳米金结合物：

      品名	产品描述	货号	规格
      山羊抗豚鼠IgG Alexa Fluor®* 546荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了Alexa Fluor® 546的亲和纯化的Fab’	7455	0.5ml
      			1ml
      山羊抗小鼠IgG Alexa Fluor®* 546荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了Alexa Fluor® 546的亲和纯化的Fab’	7402	0.5ml
      			1ml
      山羊抗兔IgG Alexa Fluor®* 546荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了Alexa Fluor® 546的亲和纯化的Fab’	7404	0.5ml
      			1ml
      链酶亲和素Alexa Fluor®* 546荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了Alexa Fluor® 546的亲和纯化的Fab’	7416	0.5ml
      			1ml

      
      Alexa Fluor® 594荧光纳米金结合物：

      品名	产品描述	货号	规格
      山羊抗豚鼠IgG Alexa Fluor® 594荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了结合Alexa Fluor® 594的亲和纯化的Fab’	7355	0.5ml
      			1ml
      山羊抗小鼠IgG Alexa Fluor® 594荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了结合Alexa Fluor® 594的亲和纯化的Fab’	7302	0.5ml
      			1ml
      山羊抗兔IgG Alexa Fluor® 594荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了结合Alexa Fluor® 594的亲和纯化的Fab’	7304	0.5ml
      			1ml
      链酶亲和素Alexa Fluor®* 594荧光纳米金	1.4nm, 连接了结合Alexa Fluor® 594的亲和纯化的Fab’	7316	0.5ml
      			1ml

      References：
      Fluorescein FluoroNanogold Conjugates
      Fluorescein FluoroNanogold Conjugates

      A prototype was used in the following publication:
      Huang, S.; Deerinck, T. J.; Ellisman, M. H., and Spector, D. L.: In vivo analysis of the stability and transport of nuclear poly(A)+ RNA; J. Cell. Biol., 126, 877-899 (1994).
      

      Cy3®-FluoroNanogold Conjugates
      1. •  Powell, R. D., and Hainfeld, J. F.: Combined Fluorescent and Gold Probes for Microscopic and Morphological Investigations. InGold and Silver Staining: Techniques in Molecular Morphology, (G. W. Hacker and J. Gu, Eds.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; pp. 107-118 (2002).
         • Robinson, J. M.; Takizawa, T., and Vandré, D. D.: Applications of gold cluster compounds in immunocytochemistry and correlative microscopy: comparison with colloidal gold. J. Microsc., 199, 163-79 (2000).
         • Robinson, J. M.; Takizawa, T., and Vandré: Enhanced immunolabeling efficiency using ultrasmall immunogold probes: Immunocytochemistry J. Histochem. Cytochem., 48, 487-492 (2000).
         • Takeuchi, S.; Takagishi, Y.; Yasui, K.; Murata, Y.; Toyama, J., and Kodama, I.: Voltage-gated K(+)Channel, kv4.2, localizes predominantly to the transverse-axial tubular system of the rat myocyte J. Mol. Cell.Cardiol., 32, 1361-1369 (2000).
         • Takizawa, T., and Robinson, J. M.: Analysis of antiphotobleaching reagents for use with FluoroNanogold in correlative microscopy J. Histochem. Cytochem., 48, 433-436 (2000).
         • Takizawa, T., and Robinson, J. M.: FluoroNanogold is a bifunctional immunoprobe for correlative fluorescence and electron microscopyJ. Histochem. Cytochem., 48, 481-485 (2000).
         1. Humbel, B. M.; De Jong, M. D. M.; Müller, W. H., and Verkleij, A. J.: Pre-embedding immunolabeling for electron microscopy: An evaluation of permeabilization methods and markers. Microsc. Res. Tech., 42, 43-58 (1998).
         2. Powell, R. D.; Halsey, C. M. R.; Gutierrez, E.; Hainfeld, J. F., and Furuya, F. R.: Dual-labeled probes for fluorescence and electron microscopy. Proc. 56th Ann. Mtg., Micros. Soc. Amer.; Bailey, G. W.; Alexander, K. B.; Jerome, W. G.; Bond, M. G., and McCarthy, J. J., Eds.; Springer, New York, NY, 1998, 992-993.
         3. Powell, R. D.; Halsey, C. M. R., and Hainfeld, J. F.: Combined fluorescent and gold immunoprobes: Reagents and methods for correlative light and electron microscopy. Microsc. Res. Tech., 42, 2-12 (1998).
         4. Powell, R. D.; Halsey, C. M. R.; Spector, D. L.; Kaurin, S. L.; McCann, J.;, and Hainfeld, J. F. A covalent fluorescent-gold immunoprobe: "simultaneous" detection of a pre-mRNA splicing factor by light and electron microscopy. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 45, 947-956 (1997).
         5. Powell, R. D.; Hainfeld, J. F.; Halsey, C. M. R.; Spector, D. L.; Kaurin, S.; McCann, J.; Craig, R.; Fay, F. S., and McNamara, K. E.: Large cluster and combined fluorescent and gold immunoprobes. In Proc 54th Ann. Mtg. Micros. Soc. Amer., G. W. Bailey, J. M. Corbett, R. V. W. Dimlich, J. R. Michael and N. J., Zaluzec (Eds.). San Francisco Press, San Francisco, CA, pp. 892-893 (1996).
         6. Powell, R.D., Hainfeld, J.F., Churchill, M.E.A., and Belmont, A.S.I. Combined fluorescent and gold nucleic acid probes. In G. Bailey and A.J. Garratt-Reed (Eds.). Proc 52nd Ann. Mtg. Micros. Soc. Amer., San Francisco Press, pp.176-177 (1994).
         7. Robinson, J. M.: FluoroNanogold: an efficient labeling reagent for immunocytochemistry. Proc. 56th Ann. Mtg., Micros. Soc. Amer.; Bailey, G. W.; Alexander, K. B.; Jerome, W. G.; Bond, M. G., and McCarthy, J. J., Eds.; Springer, New York, NY, 1998, 990-991.
         8. Robinson, J. M.; Takizawa, T.: Biological labeling and correlative microscopy; Proc. 57th Ann. Mtg., Micros. Soc. Amer.; G. W. Bailey, W. G. Jerome, S. McKernan, J. F. Mansfield, and R. L. Price (Eds.); Springer-Verlag, New York, NY; 1999, 474-475.
         9. Robinson, J. M.; Takizawa, T.; Vandré, D. D., and Burry, R. W.: Ultrasmall immunogold particles: important probes for immunocytochemistry; Microsc. Res. Tech., 42, 13-23 (1998).
         10. Robinson, J. M., and Vandré, D. D. Efficient immunocytochemical labeling of leukocyte microtubules with FluoroNanogold: An important tool for correlative microscopy. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 45, 631-642 (1997).
         11. Takizawa, T., and Robinson, J. M.: FluoroNanogold as a probe for high resolution correlation between immunofluorescence and electron microscopy; Proc. 57th Ann. Mtg., Micros. Soc. Amer.; G. W. Bailey, W. G. Jerome, S. McKernan, J. F. Mansfield, and R. L. Price (Eds.); Springer-Verlag, New York, NY; 1999, 476-477.
         12. Takizawa, T.; Suzuki, K., and Robinson, J. M.: Correlative Microscopy Using FluoroNanogold on Ultrathin Cryosections: Proof of Principle;J. Histochem. Cytochem., 46, 1097-1102 (1998).

         品名	产品描述	货号	规格
         Palmitoyl Nanogold®	共价结合C15棕榈酸的1.4nm纳米金颗粒	4020	30 nmol
         DPPE Nanogold®	共价结合二棕榈酰磷酯酰乙醇胺的1.4nm纳米金颗粒	4021	30 nmol
         Palmitoyl Undecagold	共价结合C15棕榈酸的0.8nm纳米金颗粒	4022	30 nmol
         DPPE Undecagold	共价结合二棕榈酰磷酯酰乙醇胺的0.8nm纳米金颗粒	4023	30 nmol

         References：

         1. • Keohane, E. M.; Orr, G. A.;Takvorian, P. M.;Cali, A.; Tanowitz, H. B.; Wittner, M., and Weiss, L. M.: Polar tube proteins of Microsporida of the family Encephalitozoonidae; J. Euk. Microbiol., 46, 1-5 (1999).
            •  Powell, R. D., and Hainfeld, J. F.: Combined Fluorescent and Gold Probes for Microscopic and Morphological Investigations. InGold and Silver Staining: Techniques in Molecular Morphology, (G. W. Hacker and J. Gu, Eds.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; pp. 107-118 (2002).
            • Powell, R. D.; Halsey, C. M. R., and Hainfeld, J. F.: Combined fluorescent and gold immunoprobes: Reagents and methods for correlative light and electron microscopy. Microsc. Res. Tech., 42, 2-12 (1998).
            • Powell, R. D.; Joshi, V. N.; Halsey, C. M. R.; Hainfeld, J. F.; Hacker, G. W.; Hauser-Kronberger, C.; Muss, W. H., and Takvorian, P. M.: Combined Cy3 / Nanogold conjugates for immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization; Proc. 57th Ann. Mtg., Micros. Soc. Amer.; G. W. Bailey, W. G. Jerome, S. McKernan, J. F. Mansfield, and R. L. Price (Eds.); Springer-Verlag, New York, NY; 1999, 478-479.
              连接了脂类的纳米金：
            1. • Adler-Moore, J.: AmBisome targeting to fungal infections. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 14, S3-S7 (1994).
               • Hainfeld, J. F.; Furuya, F. R., and Powell, R. D.: Metallosomes. J. Struct. Biol., 127, 152-160 (1999).
               • Hainfeld, J. F.: Gold Liposomes. In Proc 54th Ann. Mtg. Micros. Soc. Amer., G. W. Bailey, J. M. Corbett, R. V. W. Dimlich, J. R. Michael and N. J., Zaluzec (Eds.). San Francisco Press, San Francisco, CA, pp. 898-899 (1996).
               • Hainfeld, J. F., and Powell, R. D.: New frontiers in gold labeling J. Histochem. Cytochem., 48, 471-480 (2000).
               • Thurston, G., McLean, J. W., Rizen, M., Baluk, P., Haskell, A., Murphy, T. J., Hanahan, D., and McDonald, D. M.: Cationic liposomes target endothelial cells in tumors and chronic infalmmation in mice. J. Clin. Invest., 101, 1401-1413 (1998).
                 带不同反应基的纳米金颗粒：

      品名	产品描述	货号	规格
      Monomaleimido Nanogold®(MMN)	用于标记巯基，可标记Fab’、抗体、含半胱氨酸的蛋白质或其他含氢巯基的复合物, 1.4 nm	2020	30 nmol
      Monoamino Nanogold®	1.4nm, 标记糖蛋白的碳水化合物部分或其他应用。	2021	30 nmol
      Mono-Sulfo-NHS-Nanogold®	14nm，标记伯胺	2025	30 nmol
      Positively Charged Nanogold®	1.4nm，带正电，含多个胺，用于结合带负电的位点，或其他偶联方案。	2022	30 nmol
      Negatively Charged Nanogold®	1.4nm，带负电，含多个胺，用于结合带正电的位点，或其他偶联方案。	2023	30 nmol
      Nanogold® Particles, Non- Functionalized	1.4nm金颗粒，冻干粉，非活性形式	2010	30 nmol

      References：

      Positively Charged Nanogold®

      Negatively Charged Nanogold®
      Recent References: Monomaleimido-Nanogold®
      1. 1. Seron, K., Tieaho, V., Prescianotto-Baschong, C., Aust, T., Blondel, M. O., Guillard, P., Devilliers, G., Rossanese, O. W., Glick, B. S., Riezman, H., Keranen, S., and Haguenauer-Tapis, R.: A yeast t-SNARE involved in endocytosis; Mol. Biol. Cell, 9, 2873 (1998).
         1. Prescianotto-Baschong, C., and Riezman, H.: Morphology of the yeast endocytic pathway. Mol. Cell Biol., 9, 173-189 (1998).

         1. ---

         1.  Akaki, M.; Nagayasu, E.; Nakano, Y., and Aikawa, M.: Surface charge of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites as revealed by atomic force microscopy with surface potential spectroscopy. Parasitol. Res., 88, 16-20 (2002).
         Monomaleimido-Nanogold®

         ---

         Mono-Sulfo-NHS-Nanogold®

         ---

         Monoamino-Nanogold®

         ---

         Other Nanogold® Reagents 
         
         Nanogold® Nitrilotriacetic acid-Ni(II)
         Nanogold® Enzyme Substrates
         1. • Ackerly, C. A.; Tilups, A., and Becker, L. E.: Strategies insuring the optimal use of IgG or Fab’ fragments covalently bound to 1.4 nm Nanogold® in immunogold labeling procedures. Proc. 56th Ann. Mtg., Micros. Soc. Amer.; Bailey, G. W.; Alexander, K. B.; Jerome, W. G.; Bond, M. G., and McCarthy, J. J., Eds.; Springer, New York, NY, 1998, 988-989.
            • Hainfeld, J. F., and Powell, R. D.: New frontiers in gold labeling J. Histochem. Cytochem., 48, 471-480 (2000).
            • Jeon, H., and Shipley, G. G. Localization of the N-Terminal Domain of the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor. J. Biol. Chem.,, 275, 30465-30470 (2000).
            • Jeon, H., and Shipley, G. G. Vesicle-Reconstituted Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor: Visualization by Cryoelectron Microscopy. J. Biol. Chem., 275, 30458-30464 (2000).
            •  Mahdi, F.; Madar, Z. S.; Figueroa, C. D., and Schmaier, A. H.: Factor XII interacts with the multiprotein assembly of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, gC1qR, and cytokeratin 1 on endothelial cell membranes. Blood, 99, 3585-3596 (2002).
            • Malecki, M.; Hsu, A.; Truong, L., and Sanchez, S: Molecular immunolabeling with recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies designed with metal-binding domains; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 213-218 (2002).
            • Medalia, O.; Heim, M.; Guckenberger, R.; Sperling, R., and Sperling, J.: Gold-tagged RNA-A probe for macromolecular assemblies. J. Struct. Biol., 127, 113-119 (1999).
            • Montesano-Roditis, L.; Glitz, D. G.; Traut, R. R., and Stewart, P. L.: Cryo-electron microscopic localization of protein L7/L12 within the Escherichia coli 70S ribosome by difference mapping and Nanogold labeling. J. Biol. Chem., e-publication ahead of print.
            • Qualmann, B.; Kessels, M. M.; Thole, H. H., and Sierralta, W. D.; A hormone pulse induces transient changes in the subcellular distribution and leads to a lysosomal accumulation of the estradiol receptor alpha in target tissues. Eur. J. Cell Biol., 79, 383-93 (2000).
            • Robinson, J. M.; Takizawa, T.; Vandré, D. D., and Burry, R. W.: Ultrasmall immunogold particles: important probes for immunocytochemistry; Microsc. Res. Tech., 42, 13-23 (1998).
            • Scheibel, T.; Kowal, A. S.; Bloom, J. D., and Lindquist, S.L.: Bidirectional amyloid fiber growth for a yeast prion determinant. Current Biology, 11, 366-369 (2001).
            • Schwartz, M. P., and Matouschek, A.: The dimensions of the protein import channels in the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 13086-13090 (1999).
            •  Tolstonog, G. V.; Sabasch, M., and Traub, P.: Cytoplasmic Intermediate Filaments Are Stably Associated with Nuclear Matrices and Potentially Modulate Their DNA-Binding Function. DNA Cell Biol., 21, 213-39 (2002).
            • Traxler, K. W.; Norcum, M. T.; Hainfeld, J. F., and Carlson, G. M.: Direct Visualization of the Calmodulin Subunit of Phosphorylase Kinase via Electron Microscopy Following Subunit Exchange. J. Struct. Biol., 135, 231-8 (2001).
            • Woldin, C. N.; Hing, F. S.; Lee, J.; Pilch, P. F., and Shipley, G. G.: Structural studies of the detergent-solubilized and vesicle-reconstituted insulin receptor J. Biol. Chem, 274, 34981-34992 (1999).
            1. Alivisatos, A. P., Johnsson, K. P., Peng, X., Wilson, T. E., Loweth, C. J., Bruchez, M. P., Jr., and Schultz, P. G.: Organization of ’Nanocrystal Molecules’ using DNA. Nature, 382, 609 (1996).
            2. Boisset, N., Penczek, P., Pochon, F., Frank, J., and Lamy, J. Three-dimensional reconstruction of human alpha 2-macroglbulin and refinement of the localization of thiol ester bonds with monomaleimido Nanogold;. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 737, 229-44 (1994).
            3. Boisset, N., Grassucci, R., Penczek, P., Delain, E., Pochon, F., Frank, J., and Lamy, J.N. Three-dimensional reconstruction of a complex of human alpha-2-macroglobulin with monomaleimido Nanogold; (Au1.4nm) embedded in ice. J. Struct. Biol., 109;39-45 (1992).
            4. Gregori, L., Hainfeld, J. F., Simon, M. N., and Goldgaber, D. Binding of amyloid beta protein to the 20S proteasome. J. Biol. Chem., 272, 58-62 (1997).
            5. Hainfeld, J. F.: Labeling with Nanogold and undecagold: techniques and results. Scanning Microsc. Suppl. (Proc. 14th Pfefferkorn Conf.); Malecki, M., and Roomans, G. M. (Eds.). Scanning Microscopy International, Chicago, IL, 10, 309-322 (1996).
            6. Hainfeld, J. F., and Powell, R. D.: Nanogold Technology: New Frontiers in Gold Labeling. Cell Vision, 4, 408-432 (1997).
            7. Lin, M., Sistina, Y., and Rodger, J. C.: Electron-microscopic localisation of thiol and disulphide groups by direct monomaleimido-nanogold labeling in the spermatozoa of a marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii); Cell Tisue Res., 282, 291-296 (1995).
            8. Malecki, M.: Energy filtering transmission electron microscopy of transfected DNA; In Proc 54th Ann. Mtg. Micros. Soc. Amer., G. W. Bailey, J. M. Corbett, R. V. W. Dimlich, J. R. Michael and N. J., Zaluzec (Eds.). San Francisco Press, San Francisco, CA, pp. 924-925 (1996).
            9. Rayner, S. L., and Stephenson, F. A. Labelling and characterization of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor subunit-specific antibodies with monomaleimido-Nanogold. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 25, 546S (1997).
            10. Spin, J. M., and Atkinson, D.: Cryoelectron microscopy of low density lipoprotein in vitreous ice. Biophys. J., 68, 2115-2123 (1995).
            11. Wagenknecht, T,; Berkowitz, J.; Grassucci, R.; Timerman, A. P., and Fleischer, S.: Localization of calmodulin binding sites on the ryanodine receptor from skeletal muscle by electron microscopy. Biophys. J., 67, 2286-2295 (1994).
            12. Wenzel, T., and Baumeister, W.: Conformational restraints in protein degradation by the 20S proteasome. Nature Struct. Biol., 2, 199-204 (1995).
            13. Wilkens, S. and Capaldi, R.A. Monomaleimidogold Labeling of the g subunit of the E. coli F1 ATPase examined by cryoelectron Microscopy. Arch Biochem. Biophys., 229, 105-109 (1992).
            14. Yanase, K.; Smith, R. M.; Cizman, B.; Foster, M. H.; Peachey, L. D.; Jarrett, L., and Madaio, M. P.: A subgroup of Murine monoclonal anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibodies traverse the cytoplasm and enter the nucleus in a time- and temperature- dependent manner;Laboratory Investigation, 71, 52-60 (1994).
            15. Yang, Y. S.; Datta, A.; Hainfeld, J. F.; Furuya, F. R.; Wall, J. S., and Frey, P. A.: Mapping the lipoyl groups of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by use of gold cluster labels and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Biochemistry, 16;33(32), 9428-9437 (1994).
            1. Hainfeld, J. F.: Labeling with Nanogold and undecagold: techniques and results. Scanning Microsc. Suppl. (Proc. 14th Pfefferkorn Conf.); Malecki, M., and Roomans, G. M. (Eds.). Scanning Microscopy International, Chicago, IL, 10, 309-322 (1996).
            2. Hainfeld, J. F., and Powell, R. D.: New frontiers in gold labeling J. Histochem. Cytochem., 48, 471-480 (2000).
            3. Hainfeld, J. F., and Powell, R. D.: Nanogold Technology: New Frontiers in Gold Labeling. Cell Vision, 4, 408-432 (1997).
            4. Hamad-Schifferli, K.; Schwartz, J. J.; Santos, A. T.; Zhang, S., and Jacobson, J. M.: Remote electronic control of DNA hybridization through inductive coupling to an attached metal nanocrystal antenna. Nature, 2002, 415, 152-155.
            5. Luo, R. Z.-T.; Beniac, D. R.; Fernandes, A.; Yip, C. C., and Ottensmeyer, F. P.: Quaternary structure of the insulin-insulin receptor complex. Science, 285, 1077-1080 (1999).
            6. Ottensmeyer, F. P.; Luo, R. Z.-T.; Fernandes, A. B.; Beniac, D., and Yip, C. C.: Insulin receptor: 3D reconstruction from darkfield STEM images, structural interpretation and functional model; Proc. 57th Ann. Mtg., Micros. Soc. Amer.; G. W. Bailey, W. G. Jerome, S. McKernan, J. F. Mansfield, and R. L. Price (Eds.); Springer-Verlag, New York, NY; 1999, 408-409.
            7. Segond von Banchet, G., Schindler, M., Hervieu, G. J.; Beckmann, B., Emson, P. C., and Heppelmann, B.: Distribution of somatostain receptor subtypes in rat lumbar spinal cord examined with gold-labelled somatostatin and anti-receptor antibodies; Brain Res., 816, 254 (1999).
            8. Ribrioux, S., Kleymann, G., Haase, W., Heitmann, K., Ostermeier, C., and Michel, H. Use of Nanogold- and Fluorescent-labeled Antibody Fv Fragments in Immunocytochemistry. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 44, 207-213 (1996).
            9. Segond von Banchet, G., and Heppelman, B.: Non-radioactive localization of substance P binding sites in rat brain and spinal cord using peptides labeled with 1.4 nm gold particles; J. Histochem. Cytochem., 43, 821 (1995).
            1. Wille, H.; Michelitsch, M. D.; Guenebaut, V.; Supattapone, S.; Serban, A.; Cohen, F. E.; Agard, D. A, and Prusiner, S. B.: Structural studies of the scrapie prion protein by electron crystallography. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 3563-8 (2002).
            2. Shah, N., Zhang, S., Harada, S., Smith, R. M., and Jarrett, L.: Electron microscopic visualization of insulin translocation into the cytoplasm and nuclei of intact H35 hepatoma cells using covalently linked Nanogold-insulin. Endocrinology, 136, 2825-2835 (1995).
            1. Hainfeld, J. F.; Liu, W.; Halsey, C. M. R.; Freimuth, P., and Powell, R. D.: Ni-NTA-Gold Clusters Target His-Tagged Proteins. J. Struct. Biol., 127, 185-198 (1999).
            2. Hainfeld, J. F.; Powell, R. D.; Halsey, C. M. R., and Freimuth, P.: Ni-NTA-Nanogold for binding His tags. Proc. XIV Int. Congress on Electron Microscopy, Calderon Benevides, H. A., and Jose Yacaman, M. (Eds.); Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol, UK, 1998, p. 859.

            

            1. • Mayer, G.; Leone. R. D.; Hainfeld, J. F., and Bendayan, M.: Introduction of a novel HRP substrate-Nanogold probe for signal amplification in immunocytochemistry J. Histochem. Cytochem., 48, 461-469 (2000).
                 Undecagold (Au11)：比纳米金小，直径仅0.8nm。适用于超高分辨率电镜（如扫描透射电镜）或透射电镜与图像处理结合的技术。单个聚合物在TEM下通常不能被直接观测到，染色更慢，与纳米金相比，银沉积的量更少。因此在很多应用中，建议选用纳米金而非Undecagold。

                 品名	货号	规格
                 Monomaleimido Undecagold	2030	50 nmol
                 Monoamino Undecagold	2031	50 nmol
                 Mono-Sulfo-NHS-Undecagold	2045	50 nmol
                 Positively Charged Undecagold	2043	50 nmol
                 Negatively Charged Undecagold	2044	50 nmol
                 Undecagold Particles, Non- Functionalized	2060	50 nmoles

                 References： 
                 Undecagold: Recent New References

                 1. Frey, P. A., and Frey, T. G.: Synthesis of undecagold labeling compounds and their applications in electron microscopic analysis of multiprotein complexes. J. Struct. Biol., 127, 94-100 (1999).
                 2. Hainfeld, J. F.; Liu, W., and Barcena, M.: Gold-ATP. J. Struct. Biol., 127, 120-134 (1999).
                 3. Jahn, W.: Chemical aspects of the use of gold clusters in structural biology. J. Struct. Biol., 127, 106-112 (1999).
                 4. Mosseson, M. W., Siebenlist, K. R., Meh, D. A., Wall, J. S., and Hainfeld, J. F. The location of the carboxy-terminal region of gamma chains in fibrinogen and fibrin D domains. Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA, 95, 10511-10516 (1998).
                 5. Safer, D.: Undecagold cluster labeling of proteins at reactive cysteine residues. J. Struct. Biol., 127, 101-105 (1999).
                 6.  Schwartz, M. P., and Matouschek, A.: The dimensions of the protein import channels in the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 13086-13090 (1999).
                 7. Steinmetz, M. O., Stoffler, D., Muller, S. A., Jahn, W., Wolpensinger, B., Goldie, K. N., Engel, A., Faulstich, H., and Aebi, U.: Evaluating atomic models of F-actin with an undecagold-tagged phalloidin derivative; J. Mol. Biol., 276, 1 (1998).

                 ---

                 Other Publications

                 品名	产品描述	货号	规格
                 GoldEnhance LM/Blot (GELM)	金增强试剂，用于光镜样品，4种溶液，使用前混合	2112	Initiator/Moderator/Activator/Buffer 各15 ml（共60 ml，足够做600张载玻片）
                 GoldEnhance EM(GEEM)	金增强试剂，用于电镜样品，4种溶液，使用前混合	2113	Initiator/Moderator/Activator/Buffer 各2 ml（共8 ml，足够做200个网格）
                 HQ Silver	用于纳米金的质量**的银增强试剂，均匀显影，极好的保持结构，特别适合电镜，光敏感	2012	Initiator/Moderator/Activator 各15 ml（共45 ml）
                 Li Silver	纳米金的银增强，用于电镜、光镜、凝胶、杂交，光不敏感	2013	Initiator/Enhancer 125 ml （共250 ml）

                 References： 
                 GoldEnhance

                 HQ and LI Silver

                 ---

                 HQ Silver

                 ---

                 LI Silver
                 1. • Bartels, H., Bennett, W. S., Hansen, H. A., Eisenstein, M., and Weinstein S. Mussig, J., Volkmann, N., Schlunzen, F., Agmon, I., and Franceschi, F., et al: The suitability of a monofunctional reagent of an undecagold cluster for phasing data collected from the large ribosomal subunits from Bacillus stearothermophilus [Review]; Biopolymers, 37, 411-419 (1995).
                    • Bartlett, P.A., Bauer, B., and Singer, S.J. Synthesis of water-soluble undecagold cluster compounds of potential importance in electron microscopic and other studies of biological systems; J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 5085 (1978).
                    • Blechschmidt, B., Jahn, W. Hainfeld, J.F., Sprinzl, M., and Boublik, M. Visualization of a ternary complex of the Escherichia coli Phe-tRNA(Phe) andTu.-GTP from Thermus thermophilus by scanning transmission electron microscopy. J. Struct. Biol., 110, 84-89 (1993).
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                    • 金增强/银增强试剂
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                    • 负染试剂：
                 2. NanoVan（钒）可用于标准负染，建议用于纳米金标记的样品，使1.4 nm极小的纳米金清晰可见，而高原子数的染料使其模糊。
                    Nano-W（有机钨）扩展性极佳，密度高，对比度高，可与NanoVan混合得到中等密度负染试剂。

                    品名	产品描述	货号	规格
                    NanoVan® (Methylamine Vanadate)	2%钒负染染料	2011	5 ml
                    Nano-W® (Methylamine Tungstate)	2%基于有机钨复合物的负染染料	2018	5 ml

                    References： 
                    NanoVan Negative Stain

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                    ---

                    Nano-W Negative Stain

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                    •