丙二醇

Propylene glycol has good solubility, low toxicity and irritation, and is widely used as a solvent, extraction solvent, and preservative for injectable (such as intramuscular and intravenous injections) and non-injectable pharmaceutical preparations (such as oral solutions, ophthalmic preparations, otocinoids, dental preparations, rectovaginal preparations, and transdermal preparations). It is a better solvent than glycerin and can dissolve many substances such as corticosteroids (sex hormones), chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, barbiturates, reserpine, quinidine, dehydrocorticosterone acetate, fumarate sulfate, nitrogen mustard hydrochloride, vitamin A, vitamin D, many volatile oils, most alkaloids, and many local anesthetics. As an antibacterial agent, propylene glycol is similar to ethanol, and its antifungal efficacy is similar to glycerin, but slightly lower than ethanol. Propylene glycol is commonly used as a plasticizer in aqueous film coating materials. An equal volume mixture with water can delay the hydrolysis of certain drugs and increase the stability of pharmaceutical products. 15%–30% propylene glycol solutions and semi-solid preparations can be used as antibacterial preservatives; approximately 15% propylene glycol topical preparations can be used as humectants; 10%–30% propylene glycol aerosol solvents, 10%–25% propylene glycol oral solutions, 10%–60% injectable preparations, and 5%–80% topical preparations are used as solvents and co-solvents.