TPO抗体;TPO Antibody—艾普蒂

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     Western blot analysis of TPO expression in Human thyroid lysate.    

  
  

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies are autoantibodies targeting thyroid peroxidase, a key enzyme in thyroid hormone synthesis. TPO catalyzes iodide oxidation and thyroglobulin iodination, critical steps in producing thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). In autoimmune thyroid disorders, the immune system mistakenly identifies TPO as foreign, triggering antibody production. Elevated TPO antibodies are hallmark biomarkers of autoimmune thyroid diseases, particularly Hashimoto's thyroiditis (chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis) and Graves' disease. In Hashimoto's, TPO antibodies contribute to glandular destruction and hypothyroidism, while in Graves', they coexist with thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins driving hyperthyroidism.

TPO antibody testing aids in diagnosing autoimmune thyroid dysfunction, even before symptom onset or abnormal hormone levels. High titers correlate with increased risk of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy, postpartum thyroiditis, or infertility. Though not exclusive to thyroid autoimmunity, TPO antibodies (present in ~10-15% of euthyroid individuals) indicate genetic predisposition. Detection methods include immunoassays, with high sensitivity/specificity. While TPO antibodies guide clinical decisions, they aren't directly targeted in treatment; management focuses on hormone replacement (e.g., levothyroxine) or anti-thyroid therapies. Research continues to explore their role in predicting disease progression and extra-thyroidal autoimmune manifestations.