ATP1A2抗体;ATP1A2 Antibody—艾普蒂

The ATP1A2 antibody is associated with autoimmune disorders targeting the ATP1A2 protein, a subunit of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump crucial for maintaining electrochemical gradients across cell membranes. Predominantly expressed in astrocytes and vascular smooth muscle, ATP1A2 dysfunction disrupts ion homeostasis, leading to neuronal hyperexcitability. Autoantibodies against ATP1A2 are rare but implicated in autoimmune encephalitis, hemiplegic migraine, and epilepsy syndromes. These antibodies may arise idiopathically or secondary to malignancies (paraneoplastic origin), often detected via cell-based assays (CBA) or immunohistochemistry in serum/cerebrospinal fluid. Clinically, patients present with seizures, cognitive deficits, or motor disturbances. Diagnosis combines antibody testing with neuroimaging and clinical evaluation. Treatment involves immunotherapy (steroids, IVIG, rituximab) and symptomatic management. Research highlights ATP1A2 antibodies' role in neuroinflammation, though their pathogenicity—directly disrupting ion transport or via complement activation—remains under investigation. Understanding these mechanisms may refine diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies for related neurological disorders.