AQP4抗体;AQP4 Antibody—艾普蒂

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     Gel: 12%SDS-PAGE, Lysate: 40 μg, Lane 1-2: Rat pancreas tissue and Mouse pancreas tissue lysates, Primary antibody: P09881(CTRB1 Antibody) at dilution 1/1000, Secondary antibody: Goat anti rabbit IgG at 1/5000 dilution, Exposure time: 3 seconds    

  
  

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     The image is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human tonsil tissue using P09881(CTRB1 Antibody) at dilution 1/55. (Original magnification: ×200)    

  
  

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody, also known as anti-AQP4 IgG or NMO-IgG, is an autoantibody targeting the water channel protein AQP4. predominantly expressed in astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). Discovered in 2004. it is a highly specific biomarker for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), a rare autoimmune condition characterized by severe demyelination and inflammation in the optic nerves and spinal cord. AQP4 plays a critical role in water homeostasis, neuroinflammation, and synaptic plasticity. In NMOSD, the antibody binds to AQP4 on astrocytic end-feet, activating complement-dependent cytotoxicity and inflammatory cascades, leading to blood-brain barrier disruption, astrocyte loss, and secondary neuronal damage.

Serum or cerebrospinal fluid detection of AQP4-IgG via cell-based assays (CBA) is pivotal for NMOSD diagnosis, differentiating it from multiple sclerosis. Over 80% of NMOSD patients are seropositive, with antibody titers often correlating with disease activity. Research highlights its pathogenic role, as passive transfer of AQP4-IgG in animal models recapitulates NMOSD-like lesions. Therapies targeting B-cells (e.g., rituximab) or complement pathways (e.g., eculizumab) are effective, underscoring the antibody’s clinical relevance. Ongoing studies explore epitope-specific antibody effects, genetic susceptibility (e.g., HLA variants), and novel therapeutic strategies to block antibody binding or downstream injury mechanisms.