HHLA2抗体;HHLA2 Antibody—艾普蒂

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     The image is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human esophagus cancer tissue using P13570(HHLA2 Antibody) at dilution 1/30. (Original magnification: ×200)    

  
  

HHLA2 (Human Endogenous Retrovirus-H Long Terminal Repeat-Associating 2), also known as B7H5 or B7H7. is a member of the B7 family of immune regulatory proteins. It plays a complex role in modulating T-cell responses within the tumor microenvironment. Structurally distinct from other B7 members, HHLA2 contains three immunoglobulin-like domains and binds to multiple receptors, including TMIGD2 (also called CD28H) and the newly identified KIR3DL3. Its expression is minimal in normal tissues but is frequently upregulated in various cancers, such as breast, lung, renal, and colorectal carcinomas, often correlating with advanced disease and poor prognosis.

HHLA2 antibodies are critical tools for studying its dual immune-regulatory functions. Depending on context, HHLA2 can deliver both co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals to T cells, influencing antitumor immunity. Therapeutic HHLA2-targeting antibodies are under investigation, with some acting as antagonists to block immunosuppressive interactions or agonists to enhance immune activation. These antibodies are also utilized in diagnostic assays to evaluate HHLA2 expression patterns in tumors, aiding in biomarker discovery and patient stratification for immunotherapy. As HHLA2 represents a potential immune checkpoint independent of the PD-1/CTLA-4 axis, its antibodies hold promise for overcoming resistance to existing immunotherapies and expanding treatment options for HHLA2-positive cancers. Ongoing research focuses on elucidating its precise mechanisms and optimizing antibody-based therapeutic strategies.