HLA-A抗体;HLA-A Antibody—艾普蒂

HLA-A antibodies are immunoglobulins targeting HLA-A antigens, a subclass of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. HLA-A antigens are critical in adaptive immunity, presenting peptide fragments to CD8+ T-cells for immune surveillance. HLA genes, located on chromosome 6. exhibit extreme polymorphism, with HLA-A alone comprising over 4.000 alleles. Antibodies against HLA-A typically arise after exposure to non-self HLA antigens through events like pregnancy, blood transfusion, or organ transplantation. These antibodies are clinically significant in transplant medicine, as preformed or *de novo* HLA-A antibodies can trigger hyperacute or antibody-mediated rejection in organ transplants, particularly kidneys. They also contribute to platelet transfusion refractoriness and fetal-neonatal alloimmune disorders. Detection methods include solid-phase assays (e.g., Luminex-based single-antigen beads) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity testing. HLA antibody screening and crossmatching are standard in transplant protocols to assess donor-recipient compatibility. Managing HLA-A sensitization may involve desensitization therapies, donor selection strategies, or immunomodulatory agents. Their high specificity and pathogenic potential make HLA-A antibodies a key focus in precision transplantation and hematopoietic cell therapy research.