C1S抗体;C1S Antibody—艾普蒂

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     The image is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human liver cancer tissue using P12991(C1S Antibody) at dilution 1/35. (Original magnification: ×200)    

  
  

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     The image is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human thyroid cancer tissue using P12991(C1S Antibody) at dilution 1/35. (Original magnification: ×200)    

  
  

C1s antibody targets the C1s protease, a critical component of the classical complement pathway. The C1 complex, comprising C1q, C1r, and C1s, initiates immune responses by binding to antigen-antibody complexes. C1s, a serine protease, circulates as a proenzyme (zymogen) and becomes activated upon C1q binding to pathogens or immune complexes. Activated C1s cleaves C4 and C2 to generate C3 convertase, driving downstream complement activation, opsonization, and membrane attack complex formation.

C1s antibodies are primarily studied in autoimmune disorders. In conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis, autoantibodies against C1s may disrupt complement regulation, contributing to tissue damage. Anti-C1s antibodies can interfere with C1 complex assembly or enzymatic activity, impairing immune complex clearance and promoting inflammation. Elevated anti-C1s levels correlate with disease severity in some studies, suggesting diagnostic or prognostic potential.

Additionally, therapeutic anti-C1s antibodies are explored to modulate excessive complement activation. By inhibiting C1s proteolytic function, these biologics aim to suppress pathological inflammation in disorders like hereditary angioedema or ischemia-reperfusion injury. Research also investigates C1s antibodies as tools to dissect complement activation mechanisms. Overall, C1s antibodies hold dual significance as pathogenic agents in autoimmunity and therapeutic candidates for complement-mediated diseases.