NANP抗体—艾普蒂

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     The image is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human liver cancer tissue using P10329(NANP Antibody) at dilution 1/65. (Original magnification: ×200)    

  
  

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     The image is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human lung cancer tissue using P10329(NANP Antibody) at dilution 1/65. (Original magnification: ×200)    

  
  

The NANP antibody is primarily associated with immune responses against the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of *Plasmodium falciparum*, the parasite responsible for malaria. CSP, expressed on the surface of sporozoites, contains a central repeat region dominated by tandem NANP (Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro) amino acid motifs. These repeats are critical for sporozoite motility and hepatocyte invasion during early malaria infection. Antibodies targeting NANP repeats are a key focus of malaria vaccine development, as they can neutralize sporozoites and block liver-stage infection. The RTS,S vaccine, the first approved malaria vaccine, incorporates a portion of CSP, including NANP repeats, to elicit protective antibodies.

Studies show that anti-NANP antibodies correlate with protection in humans, though their efficacy varies. These antibodies function by agglutinating sporozoites, inhibiting gliding motility, or preventing hepatocyte adhesion. However, the repetitive nature of NANP epitopes may limit antibody affinity maturation, potentially explaining transient protection in some cases. Recent efforts explore optimizing NANP-based immunogens, such as multivalent nanoparticles or fusion proteins, to enhance antibody quality and durability. Challenges remain in achieving sustained high-titer responses and overcoming antigenic variability. Understanding NANP antibody dynamics informs next-generation vaccines aiming for broader and longer-lasting immunity against malaria.