PD1抗体—艾普蒂

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     Black line: Control Antigen (100 ng);Purple line: Antigen (10ng); Blue line: Antigen (50 ng); Red line:Antigen (100 ng)    

  
  

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     Immunofluorescence analysis of Hela cells using PD1 mouse mAb (green). Blue: DRAQ5 fluorescent DNA dye. Red: Actin filaments have been labeled with Alexa Fluor- 555 phalloidin. Secondary antibody from Fisher (Cat#: 35503)    

  
  

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     Flow cytometric analysis of HL-60 cells using PD1 mouse mAb (green) and negative control (red).    

  
  

PD1 (Programmed Death-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor expressed on activated T cells, playing a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. It interacts with ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 on antigen-presenting cells or tumor cells, transmitting inhibitory signals that suppress T-cell activation and promote exhaustion. Tumors often exploit this pathway by upregulating PD-L1 to evade immune surveillance.

The development of PD1-blocking antibodies marked a breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy. The first anti-PD1 antibodies, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, were approved in 2014 after demonstrating unprecedented efficacy in advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. These antibodies disrupt PD1/PD-L1 interactions, revitalizing exhausted T cells to attack tumors. Their success validated the concept of immune checkpoint inhibition, shifting treatment paradigms toward harnessing the body’s immune system rather than directly targeting cancer cells.

PD1 antibodies now form the backbone of therapy for multiple malignancies, including renal cell carcinoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, often achieving durable responses. Combination strategies with CTLA-4 inhibitors, chemotherapy, or targeted therapies further enhance efficacy. However, challenges persist, such as variable response rates, immune-related adverse events, and acquired resistance. Ongoing research focuses on predictive biomarkers (e.g., PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden) and novel combinatorial approaches to expand clinical benefits while managing toxicity. PD1 antibodies exemplify the translation of fundamental immunology into transformative cancer treatments.

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