TG抗体

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     The image is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human thyroid cancer tissue using P12278(TG Antibody) at dilution 1/40. (Original magnification: ×200)    

  
  

Thyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies are autoantibodies directed against thyroglobulin, a large glycoprotein produced exclusively by thyroid follicular cells. Thyroglobulin serves as a precursor for thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), stored within the colloid of thyroid follicles. In autoimmune thyroid disorders, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease, the immune system mistakenly targets thyroid proteins, including thyroglobulin, leading to the production of Tg antibodies. These antibodies are detected in approximately 60-80% of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and 30-50% of Graves' disease cases.

The presence of Tg antibodies is a hallmark of thyroid autoimmunity and aids in diagnosing autoimmune thyroid conditions. However, their clinical significance extends beyond diagnostics. Tg antibodies can interfere with thyroglobulin measurements in blood, complicating the monitoring of thyroid cancer recurrence, as thyroglobulin is a key tumor marker post-thyroidectomy. This interference may yield falsely low or undetectable Tg levels, necessitating alternative monitoring strategies.

While Tg antibodies are less specific than thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies for autoimmune thyroid diseases, their detection supports the evaluation of thyroid dysfunction, particularly in euthyroid patients with early-stage autoimmunity. Research continues to explore their role in disease progression and potential therapeutic targets. Testing for Tg antibodies is routinely performed alongside TPO antibodies and thyroid function tests to comprehensively assess thyroid health.