PTPN22抗体

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     The image is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human thyroid cancer tissue using P01680(PTPN22 Antibody) at dilution 1/20. (Original magnification: ×200)    

  
  

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     The image is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human ovarian cancer tissue using P01680(PTPN22 Antibody) at dilution 1/20. (Original magnification: ×200)    

  
  

The protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene encodes lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), a key regulator of immune signaling. LYP modulates T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling by dephosphoryulating kinases like Lck and ZAP-70. thereby fine-tuning lymphocyte activation. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), C1858T (R620W), in PTPN22 is strongly associated with autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus. This gain-of-function mutation disrupts LYP’s interaction with CSK, impairing its ability to suppress TCR signaling, leading to altered T-cell tolerance and hyperactive immune responses.

PTPN22 autoantibodies are less commonly studied than the genetic variant but may serve as biomarkers in specific autoimmune contexts. Their presence has been linked to disease severity or progression in conditions like autoimmune thyroiditis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The exact role of these antibodies remains unclear, though hypotheses suggest they may interfere with LYP function or promote inflammatory pathways.

Research on PTPN22 highlights its dual role: certain variants increase autoimmune risk, while others may confer protection against infections. Therapeutic strategies targeting PTPN22 pathways, including small-molecule inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies, are under investigation to restore immune balance in autoimmune disorders. Understanding PTPN22’s mechanisms offers insights into personalized treatments for immune dysregulation.