CA9抗体

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     Western blot analysis using CA9 mouse mAb against Hela (1) and A549 (2) cell lysate.    

  
  

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     Flow cytometric analysis of NTERA-2 cells using CA9 mouse mAb (green) and negative control (purple).    

  
  

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     Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human stomach tissues (left) and colon tissues (right) using CA9 mouse mAb with DAB staining.    

  
  

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) is a transmembrane enzyme involved in pH regulation and cellular response to hypoxia. It is encoded by the *CA9* gene and is primarily expressed in certain epithelial tissues. CA9 gained prominence due to its overexpression in various cancers, particularly clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), where it serves as a biomarker linked to the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. Its role in tumorigenesis includes maintaining intracellular pH balance under hypoxic conditions, promoting cell survival, and facilitating metastasis.

CA9 antibodies are tools designed to detect or target this protein in research and clinical settings. In diagnostics, CA9-specific monoclonal antibodies (e.g., M75. G250) are used in immunohistochemistry to identify ccRCC and other malignancies, aiding in differential diagnosis. Therapeutically, anti-CA9 antibodies like girentuximab have been explored for targeted drug delivery or radioimmunotherapy, leveraging CA9's tumor-specific expression. However, clinical trials have shown mixed outcomes, highlighting challenges in specificity and efficacy.

Research continues to explore CA9's mechanistic roles in cancer progression and its potential as a prognostic marker. Recent studies also investigate its expression in non-cancer contexts, such as inflammatory diseases. Despite limitations, CA9 remains a key focus in developing precision oncology strategies.