PTH1R抗体

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     Immunofluorescence analysis of SK-BR-3 cells using PTH1R mouse mAb (green). Blue: DRAQ5 fluorescent DNA dye.    

  
  

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     Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissues using PTH1R mouse mAb with DAB staining.    

  
  

The parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) is a class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a central role in regulating calcium homeostasis, bone metabolism, and phosphate excretion. It binds parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), triggering intracellular signaling cascades (e.g., cAMP/PKA, PLC/PKC) critical for skeletal development and mineral ion balance. PTH1R antibodies are autoantibodies that target this receptor, either activating or blocking its function.

Activating PTH1R antibodies are rare but have been implicated in autoimmune disorders mimicking hyperparathyroidism, such as Jansen-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, leading to abnormal bone growth and hypercalcemia. Conversely, blocking antibodies inhibit receptor signaling, associated with hypoparathyroidism-like symptoms, including hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. These antibodies are often detected in autoimmune conditions or paraneoplastic syndromes, where immune dysregulation disrupts PTH1R-mediated pathways.

Clinically, PTH1R antibody testing aids in diagnosing autoimmune or genetic disorders linked to calcium metabolism defects. Research also explores their role in modulating receptor activity for therapeutic purposes, such as in osteoporosis or chronic kidney disease. However, their pathogenic mechanisms and clinical significance remain under investigation, highlighting the need for standardized assays to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic targeting.