Recombinant Human HMGB1 Protein, CF 50ug(R&D Systems 1690-HMB) 新品

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| 产品信息

品名：Recombinant Human HMGB1 Protein, CF 50ug

品牌：R&D Systems

货号：1690-HMB

规格：50ug

| 产品属性

| 产品背景

High-mobility Group Box 1 protein (HMGB1), also known as HMG1 or Amphoterin, is a member of the high mobility group box family of non-histone chromosomal proteins (1-3). Human HMGB1 is expressed as a 25 kDa single chain protein containing two globular positively charged DNA-binding domains (HMG boxes A and B) and a negatively charged C-terminal region that contains only Asp and Glu residues (4, 5). Posttranslational modification of HMGB1, including acetylation, phosphorylation, and methylation, affects HMGB1 localization, receptor interactions, and bioactivity (3). An intramolecular disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys45 as well as the presence of the unpaired Cys106 thiol are critical for HMGB1-induced pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha secretion (2, 6). Alternatively, fully reduced HMGB1 acts as a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils and monocytes (7). HMGB1 can be localized to the nucleus or cytoplasm and can also be secreted despite its lack of a signal peptide (2). HMGB1 binds DNA in a non-sequence specific manner and may act as a structural cofactor during gene transcription (8). Acetylation of HMGB1 results in its cytoplasmic localization and eventual secretion (9). HMGB1 can be secreted by multiple cell types, and it is also released upon cell necrosis, apoptosis, and pyroptosis (2, 3). HMGB1 is widely recognized as a multifunctional alarmin that stimulates inflammation upon sterile or infectious insult. Receptors for HMGB1 include TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, Syndecan-3, Siglec-10, Integrin alpha M beta 2, CXCR4, TIM-3, and RAGE (1, 2). It is implicated in the pathogenesis of a broad range of diseases including atherosclerosis, sepsis, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmunity (3, 10-13).