普鲁卡因

English name: PROCAINE
CAS No.: 59-46-1
Molecular formula:   C13H20N2O2
Molecular weight: 236.31
EINECS number: 200-426-9
Melting   point 61°
Boiling point 378.78 ° C (rough estimate)
Uses Local   anesthetics. Its toxicity is low and its effect is fast and safe. It is  suitable  for local anesthesia and is used in eye, ear, nose and tooth surgery  for  infiltration anesthesia, conduction anesthesia and closure therapy. This  product  is also used to produce procaine penicillin.

Procaine is an anesthetic agent indicated for production of local or regional  anesthesia, particularly for oral surgery. Procaine has the advantage of  constricting blood vessels which reduces bleeding, unlike other local  anesthetics like lidocaine. Procaine is an ester anesthetic. It is metabolized  in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into  para-aminobenzoic acid , which is then excreted by the kidneys into the  urine.

Procaine acts mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through voltage gated sodium  channels in the neuronal cell membrane of peripheral nerves. When the influx of  sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is  thus inhibited. The receptor site is thought to be located at the cytoplasmic  (inner) portion of the sodium channel. Procaine has also been shown to bind or  antagonize the function of N-methyl-D-aspartat receptors as well as nicotinic  acetylcholine receptors and the serotonin receptor-ion channel  complex.