| Name | Trimethylamine N-oxide |
| Description | Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite derived from dietary choline, betaine, and carnitine. It induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome and promotes fibroblast differentiation through the activation of the TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway. TMAO is commonly used to induce cardiac fibrosis models. |
| In vitro | In vitro, the treatment of fibroblasts with Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) results in an increase in both the size and migration of fibroblasts compared to untreated fibroblasts. TMAO induces an elevation in TGF-β receptor I expression, leading to the phosphorylation of Smad2 and an up-regulation in the expression of α-SMA and collagen I. Concurrently, the ubiquitination of TGF-βRI is decreased in neonatal mouse fibroblasts following Trimethylamine N-oxide treatment. Additionally, Trimethylamine N-oxide inhibits the expression of smurf2 [3].
Trimethylamine N-oxide is commonly found in the tissues of various marine organisms, where it serves as a protective factor against the adverse effects of temperature, salinity, high urea, and hydrostatic pressure [2]. |
| In vivo | Trimethylamine N-oxide can be utilized in animal modeling to establish a model of cardiac fibrosis. |
| Storage | keep away from moisture,store under nitrogen | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice/Shipping at ambient temperature. |
| Solubility Information | 10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween 80+45% Saline : 2 mg/mL (26.63 mM), Sonication is recommended.
DMSO : 40 mg/mL (532.55 mM), Sonication is recommended.
H2O : 10 mg/mL (133.14 mM), Sonication is recommended.
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| Keywords | Trimethylamine N-oxide | Trimethylamine Noxide | Trimethylamine N oxide | TGF-β/Smad | TGFβ | TGF-beta/Smad | TGFbeta/Smad | TGF-beta | TGFbeta | TGF-b/Smad | TGFb | Smad | ReactiveOxygenSpecies | Reactive Oxygen Species | NODlikeReceptor(NLR) | NODlikeReceptor | NOD-like Receptor (NLR) | NODlike Receptor (NLR) | NOD-like Receptor | NLR | Metabolism |
| Inhibitors Related | Stavudine | Cysteamine hydrochloride | Imeglimin hydrochloride | L-Ascorbic acid | Hesperidin | Glucosamine | D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone | 3-Indolepropionic acid | L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt | Sodium 2-oxopropanoate | Naringenin | Uric Acid |
| Related Compound Libraries | NF-κB Signaling Compound Library | Bioactive Compound Library | Membrane Protein-targeted Compound Library | Food Additive Library | Natural Product Library | Microbial Natural Product Library | Natural Product Library for HTS | Immunology/Inflammation Compound Library | Anti-Aging Compound Library | Cosmetic Ingredient Compound Library | Bioactive Compounds Library Max | TGF-beta/Smad Compound Library |
United States
