[Extraction method]
1. Improved steam distillation method Weigh 10g of spearmint stem powder and place it in a conical flask, measure 100mL of distilled water and place it in the flask, and soak the spearmint stem powder directly for 10-12h. Then heat it with an alcohol lamp, and condense the steam with a straight condenser, which is mainly a mixture of water and spearmint essential oil. Distill for 5h, and then collect a colorless liquid containing spearmint essential oil. 2. Organic solvent extraction method 2.1 Crude extraction of essential oils Use anhydrous ethanol, ether, acetone, and cyclohexane as extraction solvents for extraction. Extraction method: Weigh 10g of spearmint stem powder and place it in a homemade filter paper bag, tie it with a thin rope and place it in a Soxhlet extractor. After extraction, measure 100mL of organic solvent and a few zeolites (to prevent boiling) and place them in it, and heat them in a water bath to the boiling point of the organic solvent used. The solvent vapor rises to the condenser, cools and refluxes to drip into the small bag containing spearmint powder. The spearmint bag soaked with organic solvent drips the extract back into the round-bottomed bottle, then water baths, rises, cools and refluxes for leaching (due to the presence of color, the leaching solution is green), and so on until the color of the leaching solution in the round-bottomed flask is almost the same as that of the new leaching solution. Select the organic solvent with the highest yield of essential oil in the above experiment, and then use the mixed solution of the two in different ratios for leaching, in order to have a suitable ratio of the two to make a breakthrough in the leaching rate. The experimental operation method is the same as above. 2.2 Decolorization of crude extract After crude extraction, since some pigment substances are also extracted at the same time, the crude extract must be decolorized. The decolorization method is: pour the spearmint essential oil crude extract into a beaker, add 3-4 spoons of activated carbon, and then heat it to boiling with an electronic thermostat electric heating jacket, and stir continuously for 15 minutes, cool it, and filter it, and collect the decolorized spearmint essential oil. 2.3 Evaporation of the spearmint filtrate: Replace the spearmint filtrate into a ground-mouth round-bottom flask and evaporate the solvent using a rotary evaporator connected to a vacuum pump. After the vapor enters the serpentine reflux condenser, it is cooled into liquid and collected in a beaker until no solvent drips, and the remaining spearmint essential oil can be collected.
[Uses]
It is mainly used as a spice in candies, beverages, toothpaste and medicines, and as a wind-repellent and aromatic stimulant [3]. Leaves, young branches or the whole plant are used as medicine to treat colds, fevers, coughs, gastrointestinal flatulence, bruises and blood stasis pain, red and painful eyes, black carbuncle, chicken coop cold, numbness of the whole body and boils in children. Pharmacological studies have shown that spearmint has anti-human pathogenic fungal activity and anti-inflammatory activity [4]. It is used to treat inflammation such as bone degeneration, chemicalbook arthritis, bursitis, sinusitis, and it has also been reported to have antiviral activity [5]. The chemical composition and pharmacology of mint plants have been studied in depth at home and abroad, among which there are more reports on peppermint [6,7], and fewer studies on spearmint. There have been reports on the volatile oil components of non-domestic spearmint abroad [7]. Domestic research is mainly on mint. Extraction method
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