Phospholipase A2 NEW

Description of Phospholipase A2 from Wuhan Fortuna Chemical Co.,Ltd

Specifications(COA) of Phospholipase A2 CAS 9001-84-7

Introduction of Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes the *sn-2* ester bond of glycerophospholipids, releasing arachidonic acid (precursor for inflammatory mediators) and lysophospholipids. It plays key roles in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and cell signaling. Major types include secreted PLA2 (digestion, venom toxicity), cytosolic PLA2 (eicosanoid production), calcium-independent PLA2 (membrane repair), and lipoprotein-associated PLA2 (linked to cardiovascular risk). Overactivation contributes to inflammatory diseases (arthritis, asthma), atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration. PLA2 also serves as a biomarker (e.g., PLA2R antibodies in kidney disease) and therapeutic target (inhibitors for inflammation). Critical in both physiology and pathology.

Application of Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a key enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of phospholipids, playing critical roles in lipid metabolism, cell signaling, and inflammatory responses. Here's a detailed breakdown:

Structure and Function

1.     Enzymatic Activity:

PLA2 cleaves the sn-2 ester bond of glycerophospholipids, releasing:

Free fatty acids (e.g., arachidonic acid, a precursor for inflammatory mediators).

Lysophospholipids (e.g., lysophosphatidylcholine).

This activity is crucial for membrane remodeling, lipid digestion, and generating signaling molecules.

2.     Calcium Dependence:

Most PLA2 isoforms require calcium ions (Ca²⁺) for catalytic activity.

Types of PLA2

PLA2 enzymes are classified into several families based on structure, localization, and function:

1.     Secreted PLA2 (sPLA2):

Low molecular weight, calcium-dependent enzymes secreted into extracellular spaces.

Roles:

Digestion of dietary lipids (e.g., pancreatic PLA2).

Host defense (e.g., in venom of snakes, bees, and scorpions).

Inflammation (e.g., Group IIA sPLA2 in arthritis and atherosclerosis).

2.     Cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2):

Calcium-dependent, found in the cytosol of cells.

Preferentially hydrolyzes phospholipids containing arachidonic acid.

Role: Production of eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes) that drive inflammation and immune responses.

3.     Calcium-Independent PLA2 (iPLA2):

Do not require Ca²⁺.

Roles:

Membrane homeostasis and repair.

β-cell function in the pancreas (insulin secretion).

4.     Lipoprotein-Associated PLA2 (Lp-PLA2):

Also called platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH).

Associated with low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in blood.

Biomarker: Elevated levels correlate with cardiovascular disease risk.

Biological and Pathological Roles

1.     Inflammation:

PLA2 releases arachidonic acid, which is converted into pro-inflammatory eicosanoids.

Overactivation is linked to diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and sepsis.

2.     Digestion:

Pancreatic PLA2 aids in breaking down dietary fats in the intestine.

3.     Cell Signaling:

Lysophospholipids act as signaling molecules in processes like apoptosis and cell proliferation.

4.     Disease Associations:

Atherosclerosis: PLA2 contributes to LDL oxidation in arterial walls.

Neurodegeneration: Elevated PLA2 activity is observed in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

Acute Pancreatitis: Premature activation of pancreatic PLA2 damages pancreatic tissue.

Clinical Significance

1.     Diagnostic Marker:

Serum levels of PLA2 (e.g., PLA2R antibodies) are used to diagnose membranous nephropathy, a kidney disorder.

2.     Therapeutic Targets:

Inhibitors:

Corticosteroids (indirectly suppress PLA2 via lipocortin proteins).

Synthetic inhibitors (e.g., varespladib) are being tested for inflammatory diseases.

Anti-venom therapies: Target venom-derived PLA2 in snakebites.

Key Takeaway

Phospholipase A2 is a versatile enzyme with dual roles in physiological processes (digestion, signaling) and pathological conditions (inflammation, disease). Its isoforms are important targets for drug development in inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration.

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Wuhan Fortuna Chemical Co.,Ltd is a professional manufacturer which provide Phospholipase A2 with good quality and best price, welcome to contact us to get COA/TDS/MSDS of Phospholipase A2.