cellulose nitrate, also known as nitrocellulose, is a cellulose derivative obtained from the esterification of some hydroxyl groups in cellulose with nitric acid. Cellulose nitrate has many synonyms, such as nitrocellulose, cellulose nitrate, and common names, such as nitrocotton, tinder cotton, nitrocellulose, etc., but it is considered to be incorrect. cellulose nitrate plastics, commonly known as celluloid, is a plastic material obtained by adding about 20% camphor to cellulose nitrate as a plasticizer.
Cellulose nitrate is usually made by dipping fiber materials such as cotton wool fiber and wood pulp into a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and is mostly used in the production of propellant. Compared with nitroglycerin, it is stable, safe and easy to transport. White or slightly yellow cotton, flammable and explosive, poor chemical stability, can slowly decompose and release heat at room temperature, more than 40°C will accelerate decomposition, release of heat if not lost in time, will cause increased temperature rise of nitrocellulose, can occur spontaneous combustion when it reaches 180°C. Nitrocotton is usually added to ethanol or water as a wetting agent, respectively called nitrocotton wine cotton or nitrocotton hydrocotton. Once the wetting agent is dispersed, it is very easy to cause fire. If there is barbarous operation in the loading and unloading operation, the situation that the nitrocellulose packing is damaged and the nitrocellulose is scattered may cause serious consequences. The test shows that when the package is damaged, the ethanol wetting agent will be completely volatilized at 50°C for 2 hours. Easy to cause spontaneous combustion in storage.
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