**Hydroxyapatite (HAp)**
**Definition:**
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite, with the chemical formula Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH). It is the primary inorganic component of bones and teeth, known for its biocompatibility and bioactive properties.
**Functions:**
1. **Biocompatibility:** Integrates seamlessly with biological tissues, making it ideal for medical and dental applications.
2. **Osteoconductivity:** Promotes bone growth and regeneration by providing a scaffold for new bone formation.
3. **Mechanical Strength:** Enhances durability and structural integrity in biomedical implants.
4. **Bioactivity:** Bonds directly with living tissue, supporting healing and integration.
**Applications:**
1. **Medical Implants:** Used in orthopedic and dental implants, such as bone grafts, screws, and coatings for prosthetics.
2. **Dentistry:** Applied in toothpaste, fillings, and coatings to remineralize enamel and prevent decay.
3. **Cosmetics:** Incorporated into skincare products for its gentle exfoliating and skin-repairing properties.
4. **Biotechnology:** Utilized in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering scaffolds.
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