Items | Specifications | Results |
Appearance | Yellow liquid or flocculent | Complies |
Melting Point(℃) | Max.16 | Complies |
acid value (mgKOH/g) | Max.3 | 0.7 |
saponification value(mgKOH/g) | 210-225 | 221.5 |
Water(%) | Max.0.3 | 0.7 |
iodine value (g/100g) | 100-120 | 109 |
Conclusion | Results comply to the standards. |
Glyceryl Undecylenate is a monoester compound formed by the reaction of glycerin (a sugar alcohol) with undecylenic acid (an fatty acid derived from castor bean oil). It is primarily known and valued for its antifungal and antimicrobial properties, making it a key ingredient in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations.
Key Properties and Characteristics
Chemical Structure: It consists of a glycerol molecule where one of its three hydroxyl (-OH) groups is esterified with undecylenic acid. This structure gives it both hydrophilic (water-attracting, from the glycerol) and lipophilic (oil-attracting, from the fatty acid) properties, making it an effective emollient and surfactant.
Source: It is considered a green or natural derivative because its precursor, undecylenic acid, is obtained through the cracking of castor bean oil.
Function: Its most prized function is its ability to inhibit the growth of fungi (e.g., Candida albicans, which causes yeast infections) and certain bacteria. This activity is a direct result of its conversion back to undecylenic acid upon application.
Mechanism of Action: How Does It Work?
Glyceryl Undecylenate itself is a precursor or "pro-drug." Its antimicrobial action is delivered through a process called enzymatic hydrolysis:
Application: It is applied to the skin.
Activation: The enzymes present on the skin's surface (e.g., lipases) or from microbial pathogens break the ester bond, releasing undecylenic acid.
Action: The freed undecylenic acid disrupts the cell membranes of fungi and bacteria, effectively inhibiting their growth and proliferation. It is particularly effective against the pathogens that cause athlete's foot, ringworm, and other skin infections.
Primary Uses and Applications
Its unique properties make it a versatile ingredient in several industries:
1. Cosmetics and Personal Care (Most Common Use):
Natural Preservative: It acts as a broad-spectrum, paraben-free preservative in creams, lotions, and makeup to prevent microbial spoilage and extend shelf life.
Antidandruff Agent: A key active ingredient in anti-dandruff shampoos and scalp treatments, targeting the fungus Malassezia globosa linked to dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis.
Deodorant Agent: Used in natural deodorants to inhibit odor-causing bacteria.
Skin Care: Added to formulations for its emollient properties (to soften skin) and its ability to help maintain a healthy skin microbiome.
2. Pharmaceuticals:
Topical Antifungal Creams and Ointments: Used to treat fungal skin infections like athlete's foot (tinea pedis), jock itch (tinea cruris), and ringworm (tinea corporis).
3. Foot Care:
A very common active ingredient in medicated foot powders, sprays, and creams designed to prevent and treat athlete's foot.
Benefits and Advantages
Natural Origin: Preferred by consumers seeking alternatives to synthetic preservatives and antimicrobials.
Skin-Friendly: Generally well-tolerated, non-irritating, and has a good safety profile.
Multi-Functional: Serves as both a active antimicrobial agent and a cosmetic ingredient (emollient, surfactant).
Synergistic: It often works well in combination with other preservatives or active ingredients, allowing for lower overall concentrations of each.
In summary, Glyceryl Undecylenate is a versatile, naturally-derived ester that serves as a powerful antifungal, antimicrobial agent, and preservative, widely used in "clean beauty" cosmetics, antidandruff hair care, and topical pharmaceutical products.
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