Description:
Information
Brand Name: Zytiga, Yonsa
Chemical Name: Abiraterone acetate
Type: Anti-androgen, anti-cancer medication
Uses
Prostate Cancer:
Abiraterone is primarily used to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). It is often prescribed in combination with prednisone to manage advanced prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body and is no longer responding to hormonal or surgical treatments that lower testosterone.
High-Risk Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mHSPC):
Abiraterone is also used in combination with prednisone to treat high-risk metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). This refers to prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body but still responds to hormone therapy.
Mechanism of Action
CYP17 Inhibition: Abiraterone works by inhibiting an enzyme called CYP17 (17α-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase), which is crucial for the production of androgens (male hormones) not only in the testes but also in the adrenal glands and prostate cancer cells. By blocking this enzyme, Abiraterone reduces the levels of androgens, which can fuel the growth of prostate cancer cells.
Precautions
Liver Function: Regular monitoring of liver function is essential, as Abiraterone can cause liver toxicity. Dose adjustments may be necessary based on liver function tests.
Blood Pressure and Fluid Retention: Abiraterone can cause hypertension (high blood pressure) and fluid retention. Patients should have their blood pressure monitored regularly and be aware of symptoms such as swelling in the legs.
Electrolyte Imbalance: Abiraterone can cause imbalances in electrolytes such as potassium, magnesium, and calcium. Regular blood tests are recommended to monitor these levels.
Pregnancy and Nursing: Abiraterone is not intended for use in women and should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It can cause harm to a developing fetus.
Side Effects
Common Side Effects:
Fatigue
Joint pain
High blood pressure
Edema (swelling)
Hot flashes
Diarrhea
Less Common but Serious Side Effects:
Liver toxicity
Adrenal insufficiency (reduced function of the adrenal glands)
Severe hypertension
Cardiac issues (e.g., heart failure, arrhythmias)
Monitoring
Liver Function Tests: Regular liver function tests are crucial to monitor for potential liver toxicity.
Blood Pressure: Regular monitoring of blood pressure is necessary to manage any potential hypertension.
Electrolyte Levels: Regular blood tests should be conducted to monitor potassium, magnesium, and calcium levels.
Cardiovascular Health: Patients with a history of cardiovascular disease should be closely monitored for any cardiac-related side effects.
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