| Outline |
P-phenylenediamine is one of the simplest aromatic diamine with the pure product being white to purple red crystals. It turns purple or dark brown color when being exposed to the air. It is slightly soluble in cold water, soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and benzene. It can be used for making azo dyes, high-molecule polymers and can also be used for the production of fur dyes, rubber antioxidants and photo developer and is mainly used for Kevlar, azo dyes, sulfur dyes, acid dyes as well as being used for the production of black fur D, black fur DB, brown fur N2 as well as rubber antioxidant DNP, DOP and MB. It can also be used as the raw material of cosmetic hair p-Phenylenediamine series, gasoline polymerization inhibitor and developer. P-phenylenediamine, as a chemical dye, is currently permitted for use in hair dye production, but there is a clear usage limits. According to China "Hygienic Standard for Cosmetics," the content of p-phenylenediamine in hair dyes should not exceed 6%. According to the introduction of experts, although five kinds of "Yixihei" shampoo have their p-phenylenediamine content being within 1.1% to 1.4%. However, the shampoo has high frequency of usage with long-term accumulation being prone to pose a threat to the health and safety of consumers. There is still no literatures regarding to whether phenylenediamine is carcinogenic or not; but there is literature basis regarding to that p-phenylenediamine drug is toxic organic. We can refer to Shanghai Science and technology press (November 1985) "reagent Handbook" (second edition), page 980. Overseas research has shown that for population being subject to frequent hair dying has the incidence of breast cancer, skin cancer and leukemia increased. In addition, p-phenylenediamine is also a common sensitive reagent for testing iron and copper. In the international arena, it is also used for aircraft coatings, bullet-proof clothing intima and walls paint.
The domestic development and production of p-phenylenediamine started earlier. Before 2003, the major manufacturers were concentrated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang area with the total number of enterprises being more than 20. In 2004 China's total production capacity of p-phenylenediamine can be about 13,500 tons/year. Market research has demonstrated that p-phenylenediamine in general exhibit a situation of supplying being more than the demand of the situation. Since the 1990s, the demand can increase annually at a rate of 3%-5%. The difficulty of transportation of phenylenediamine and pollution caused by p-phenylenediamine production pollution has also largely limited the production and yield of p-phenylenediamine. |
| P-phenylene diamine rubber antioxidant |
As the antioxidant variety in rubber industry with the largest consumption, the production capability and yield of domestic production of p-phenylenediamine-class antioxidant has maintained rapid growth in recent years with the annual increasing rate from 2002 to 2008 being 28.1% which is comparable with the average annual growth rate of domestic tire (22.6 %). From the perspective of future market development, our country will still be a large demand for p-phenylenediamine-class rubber antioxidant. In recent years, with the eastward shifting of the global tire industry, China has become the world's largest tire producer with major foreign tire companies constructing joint ventures or wholly-owned enterprises in China. In the past five years, domestic tire production has an average annual growth rate being maintained at 20%. Although severely affected by the global financial crisis in late 2008, tire production in 2008 still was up to 546.15 million (NBS) with an increase of about 7%. According to the prediction of automobile tires, in 2008 to 2010, domestic demand for rubber phenylenediamine antioxidant was maintained at an average annual growth rate of about 5%; from 2010 to 2015, there is decrease on the demand with the average annual growth rate being about 8 %. Therefore, in 2010, 2015, the domestic demand for p-phenylenediamine rubber antioxidant will expected to reach 98,000 tons and 14.4 million tons.
The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Dai Xiongfeng. |
| Chemical Properties |
It is white to purple red crystal. It will turn purple red or dark brown when exposure to the air. It can be dissolved in water, alcohol, ether, chloroform and benzene. |
| Uses |
It is important dye intermediates and is mainly used in the manufacture of dyes and sulfur dyes; it can also be used for the production of fur black D and rubber antioxidant DNP, 288, DOP, DBP etc. P-phenylenediamine can also be used as the raw material of cosmetic hair dye “WuErsi D”, gasoline polymerization inhibitor and developer. |
China
