| Name | 3-Methylxanthine |
| Description | 3-Methylxanthine, a xanthine derivative, is a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 920 μM on guinea-pig isolated trachealis muscle. It inhibits xanthine crystallization and could protect patients with xanthinuria from developing renal xanthine calculi. |
| In vitro | To identify in vitro inhibitors of xanthine crystallization that have potential for inhibiting the formation of xanthine crystals in urine and preventing the development of the renal calculi in patients with xanthinuria. METHODS AND RESULTS: The formation of xanthine crystals in synthetic urine and the effects of 10 potential crystallization inhibitors were assessed using a kinetic turbidimetric system with a photometer. The maximum concentration tested for each compound was: 20 mg/L for 3-Methylxanthine (3-MX); 40 mg/L for 7-methylxanthine (7-MX), 1-methylxanthine (1-MX), theobromine (TB), theophylline, paraxanthine, and caffeine; 45 mg/L for 1-methyluric acid; 80 mg/L for 1,3-dimethyluric acid; and 200 mg/L for hypoxanthine. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology of the crystals formed when inhibitory effects were observed. Only 7-MX, 3-MX, and 1-MX significantly inhibited xanthine crystallization at the tested concentrations. Mixtures of inhibitors had an additive effect rather than a synergistic effect on crystallization. CONCLUSIONS: Two of the inhibitors identified here-7-MX and 3-MX-are major metabolites of TB. In particular, after TB consumption, 20% is excreted in the urine as TB, 21.5% as 3-MX, and 36% as 7-MX. Thus, consumption of theobromine could protect patients with xanthinuria from the development of renal xanthine calculi. Clinical trials are necessary to demonstrate these effects in vivo. |
| Storage | Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice. |
| Solubility Information | 1M NaOH : 50 mg/mL (300.95 mM), when pH is adjusted to 11 with 1 M NaOH. Sonication is recommended.
DMSO : 2.61 mg/mL (15.71 mM), Sonication is recommended.
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| Keywords | 3 Methylxanthine | Inhibitor | Endogenous Metabolite | inhibit | 3-Methylxanthine | 3Methylxanthine |
| Inhibitors Related | Sucrose | Ferulic Acid | Glycerol | Thymidine |
| Related Compound Libraries | Bioactive Compound Library | Alkaloid Natural Product Library | Selected Plant-Sourced Compound Library | Natural Product Library | Inhibitor Library | Natural Product Library for HTS | Bioactive Compounds Library Max | Gut Microbial Metabolite Library |
United States
